In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn. In...

permafrost, so on land, permafrost is generally located beneath a so-called active layer of soil which freezes and thaws depending on the season. Around 15% of...

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network, such as the Internet....

of two active layers. It can also have a passive layer between the two active layers. In contrast, a piezoelectric unimorph has only one active (i.e. piezoelectric)...

Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. Windows Server operating systems include it as a set of...

that consists of one active layer and one inactive layer. In the case where active layer is piezoelectric, deformation in that layer may be induced by the...

painting or editing tool. The top "layer" also is called the "blend layer" and the "active layer". In the formulas shown on this page, values go from 0.0 (black)...

organic–inorganic lead or tin halide-based material as the light-harvesting active layer. Perovskite materials, such as methylammonium lead halides and all-inorganic...

distant places on Earth. It also affects GPS signals that travel through this layer. As early as 1839, the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich...

interface between an electron donor and acceptor blend within the device's active layer. These charges then transport to the device's electrodes where the charges...

permafrost. Less than one-third of the active layer (the soil between the ground surface and a permafrost table) or an ice layer which is at least 30 cm (12 in)...

new active layer is created which contains the logical AND of the masking layer and the active image layer. Meanwhile, the original active layer is masked...

have a lower SER than the Bq activity due to self-shielding within the active layer of the source. Sources with 2 π {\displaystyle 2\pi } emissions suffer...

by the K. A. Wallenberg foundation. Alongside the morphology of the active layer, she has studied how the device energetics (e.g. energy levels of the...

often classified into so-called generations based on the active (sunlight-absorbing) layers used to produce them, with the most well-established or first-generation...

In surface science, a double layer (DL, also called an electrical double layer, EDL) is a structure that appears on the surface of an object when it is...

of gelisol). The active layer tends to be less than one metre deep, except near rivers. The highest point in Siberia is the active volcano Klyuchevskaya...

limnological mixed layer is a layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths. The surface mixed layer is a layer where this turbulence...

ranges. NATO is conducting three missile defense–related activities: Active Layered Theater Ballistic Missile Defense System is "ALTBMD" for short. As of...

devices. Circular-shaped active area present in the middle of the active layer is formed by GaAs. The length of the active region ranges from 100 to...

of every port except the original incoming. A hub works at the physical layer. A repeater hub also participates in collision detection, forwarding a jam...

over many years. As this process continues, during the summer when an active layer forms in the soil this eroded material can easily move both from the...

organic–inorganic lead or tin halide-based material as the light-harvesting active layer. Perovskite materials, such as methylammonium lead halides and all-inorganic...

silver-source layer. A layer of SnSe is between these two layers ensuring that the silver-source layer is not in direct contact with the active layer. Since...

forested active rock glaciers, landslides, or earthquakes. In stands of spruce trees of equal age that germinated in the permafrost active layer after a...

layers of virtually defect-free Silicon can be created by utilizing low temperature (<400 °C) bond and cleave techniques, and placed on top of active...

In computer networking, Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a tunneling protocol used to support virtual private networks (VPNs) or as part of the delivery...

the active layer of the source which will reduce the SER, or backscatter which will reflect particles off the backing plate of the active layer and will...

substrate, and growing the I doped active layer, followed by the P doped cladding, and a contact layer. The active layer most often consists of quantum wells...

electrodes consist of a double layer structure: an active electrocatalyst layer and a hydrophobic layer. The active layer consists of an organic mixture...