• Thumbnail for Allotropes of plutonium
    Plutonium occurs in a variety of allotropes, even at ambient pressure. These allotropes differ widely in crystal structure and density; the α and δ allotropes...
    6 KB (564 words) - 17:17, 3 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Plutonium
    point, the liquid plutonium has very high viscosity and surface tension compared to other metals. Plutonium normally has six allotropes and forms a seventh...
    139 KB (14,981 words) - 08:15, 9 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Allotropy
    ytterbium have three allotropes. Praseodymium, neodymium, gadolinium and terbium have two allotropes. Plutonium has six distinct solid allotropes under "normal"...
    31 KB (2,058 words) - 18:24, 29 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Manhattan Project
    density of plutonium gave inconsistent results. At first contamination was suspected, but it was soon determined that there were multiple allotropes of plutonium...
    181 KB (22,073 words) - 01:10, 18 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Critical mass
    density of a material at a constant temperature can be changed by varying the pressure or tension or by changing crystal structure (see allotropes of plutonium)...
    20 KB (3,053 words) - 17:03, 2 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Project Y
    Project Y (category History of the Manhattan Project)
    increasing in temperature. This was a strong indication of multiple allotropes of plutonium; but was initially considered too bizarre to be true. Further...
    129 KB (16,870 words) - 03:54, 13 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Trinity (nuclear test)
    Trinity (nuclear test) (category Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Mexico)
    reality after it was initially proposed by Edward Teller. Of the several allotropes of plutonium, the metallurgists preferred the malleable δ (delta) phase...
    114 KB (12,981 words) - 11:08, 25 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Fat Man
    Fat Man (category Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki)
    the cause, but it was soon determined that there were multiple allotropes of plutonium. The brittle α phase that exists at room temperature changes to...
    48 KB (5,857 words) - 01:08, 17 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Demon core
    Demon core (category Plutonium)
    demon core was a sphere of plutonium that was involved in two fatal radiation accidents when scientists tested it as a fissile core of an early atomic bomb...
    28 KB (2,563 words) - 04:01, 27 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Pit (nuclear weapon)
    not only because of its toxicity, but because plutonium has many different metallic phases, also known as allotropes. As plutonium cools, changes in...
    54 KB (6,059 words) - 09:40, 6 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Cyril Stanley Smith
    Cyril Stanley Smith (category Alumni of the University of Birmingham)
    There were found to be six allotropes of plutonium, more than any other metal, and its melting point turned out to be hundreds of degrees lower than uranium...
    21 KB (2,330 words) - 20:32, 20 October 2024
  • stable allotrope, and the reference state for carbon is graphite, because the structure of graphite is more stable than that of the other allotropes. In...
    76 KB (10,055 words) - 09:18, 14 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Carbon group
    known allotropes that exist at room temperature. These allotropes are known as the amorphous and the crystalline allotropes. The amorphous allotrope is a...
    32 KB (3,841 words) - 07:33, 22 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Klaus Fuchs
    Klaus Fuchs (category Academics of the University of Birmingham)
    stockpile size. He also provided metallurgical information about the allotrope of plutonium used in the final weapon, and information about its stabilization...
    56 KB (7,410 words) - 19:35, 23 November 2024
  • fourth allotrope have been made, but they are so far not proven. This multiplicity of allotropes is common among the actinides. The crystal structures of neptunium...
    113 KB (13,693 words) - 09:12, 25 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Carbon
    Carbon (redirect from History of carbon)
    with diverse molecular configurations called allotropes. The three relatively well-known allotropes of carbon are amorphous carbon, graphite, and diamond...
    95 KB (10,860 words) - 12:57, 7 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Periodic table
    structures: these are called allotropes. For example, diamond and graphite are two allotropes of carbon. The metallicity of an element can be predicted...
    250 KB (26,986 words) - 04:50, 11 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Joseph W. Kennedy
    Joseph W. Kennedy (category University of Kansas alumni)
    (May 30, 1916 – May 5, 1957) was an American chemist who co-discovered plutonium, along with Glenn T. Seaborg, Edwin McMillan, and Arthur Wahl. During...
    13 KB (1,318 words) - 12:57, 3 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Sulfur
    ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9. Steudel, Ralf; Eckert, Bodo (2003). Solid Sulfur Allotropes Sulfur Allotropes. Topics in Current Chemistry. Vol. 230. pp. 1–80. doi:10.1007/b12110...
    99 KB (11,015 words) - 01:07, 21 November 2024
  • Metallic plutonium has several different solid allotropes. The δ phase is the least dense and most easily machinable. It is formed at temperatures of 310–452 °C...
    13 KB (1,482 words) - 20:12, 3 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Nitrogen
    nitrogen gas produced "active nitrogen", a monatomic allotrope of nitrogen. The "whirling cloud of brilliant yellow light" produced by his apparatus reacted...
    105 KB (12,228 words) - 09:07, 17 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Chalcogen
    allotropes include rhombic sulfur and monoclinic sulfur. Rhombic sulfur is the more stable of the two allotropes. Monoclinic sulfur takes the form of...
    74 KB (8,288 words) - 04:56, 20 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Phosphorus
    agents. Phosphorus has several allotropes that exhibit strikingly diverse properties. The two most common allotropes are white phosphorus and red phosphorus...
    109 KB (12,801 words) - 13:56, 9 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
    of high explosives). Plutonium has seven temperature-dependent solid allotropes. Each possesses a different density and crystal structure. Alloys of plutonium...
    60 KB (6,430 words) - 13:57, 20 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Oxygen
    Oxygen (redirect from History of oxygen)
    photosynthetic activities of autotrophs such as cyanobacteria, chloroplast-bearing algae and plants. A much rarer triatomic allotrope of oxygen, ozone (O 3)...
    115 KB (11,930 words) - 07:22, 28 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Caesium
    Caesium (redirect from Compounds of caesium)
    burn with a blue or violet colour. Caesium exists in the form of different allotropes, one of them a dimer called dicaesium. Caesium metal is highly reactive...
    93 KB (10,025 words) - 01:18, 22 November 2024
  • maximum energy of 803 keV. Polonium is a radioactive element that exists in two metallic allotropes. The alpha form is the only known example of a simple cubic...
    77 KB (8,400 words) - 23:53, 19 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Silicon
    thermodynamically stable allotropes at standard pressure, but several other crystal structures are known at higher pressures. The general trend is one of increasing...
    87 KB (10,733 words) - 02:11, 12 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Boron
    produced with difficulty because of contamination by carbon or other elements that resist removal. Several allotropes exist: amorphous boron is a brown...
    127 KB (13,552 words) - 12:21, 31 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Antimony
    supposed yellow allotrope of antimony, generated only by oxidation of stibine (SbH3) at −90 °C, is also impure and not a true allotrope; above this temperature...
    60 KB (6,862 words) - 06:51, 23 November 2024