In philosophy, downward causation is a causal relationship from higher levels of a system to lower-level parts of that system: for example, mental events...

includes the existence of emergence and self-organization, as well as downward causation in which the small-scale, apparently unconstrained processes are together...

Brain". In Murphy, Nancy; Ellis, George; O'Connor, Timothy (eds.). Downward Causation and the Neurobiology of Free Will. New York: Springer. Bibcode:2009dcnf...

the social causation theory, which posits that socioeconomic inequality causes stress that gives rise to mental illness, and the downward drift approach...

faced with the highly implausible consequence that every case of downward causation involves overdetermination (since P remains a cause of P∗ as well)...

recognition Speech recognition Supervised learning is a special case of downward causation in biological systems Landform classification using satellite imagery...

original on 1 July 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2007.. Murphy, Nancy (2009). Downward Causation and the Neurobiology of Free Will. Springer. ISBN 978-3642032042....

its treatment of causality, particularly the concept of downward causation. Downward causation refers to the influence that higher-level properties can...

(philosophy) Cognitive neuroscience Connectionism Consciousness in animals Downward causation Descartes' Error Embodied cognition Existentialism Explanatory gap...

Divine Action; (with G.F.R. Ellis and T. O'Connor, Springer, 2009) Downward Causation and the Neurobiology of Free Will, Springer; and (with W. R. Stoeger...

in human culture". Journal of Social Issues 28 (3), 21-37. 1974, "Downward causation in hierarchically organised biological systems". In Francisco Jose...

Circular cumulative causation is a theory developed by Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal who applied it systematically for the first time in 1944 (Myrdal...

entities, and parents are composed at least partly by their children. Downward causation refers to the effect that the incorporation of entity x into a higher-level...

He points out that there are many examples of feedback loops and "downward causation" in biology, and that it is not reasonable to privilege one level...

Child Development and Care, 1988 Lewis, M.D. "The slippery slope of downward causation", Human Development, 2011 Lewis, M.D. "Self-organizing brains don't...

2019. Eronen, Markus I. (December 2013). "No levels, no problems: downward causation in neuroscience" (PDF). Philosophy of Science. 80 (5): 1042–1052....

existence of such beings. Functionalism (philosophy of mind) Emergentism Downward causation Nominalism Multiple realizability Horgan, Terry (1993) "From supervenience...

achieved status characteristics in a society. The movement can be in a downward or upward direction. Markers for social mobility such as education and...

during certain stages of epigenesis; (2) that the system determines by downward causation which genomic constituents are stored in unexpressed form versus those...

attainment. The drift hypothesis is the opposing theory of the social causation thesis, which says being in a lower social class is a contributor to the...

critiques of claims for the emergence of chemistry and the existence of downward causation. In addition to historical and philosophical work Scerri has published...

internal relations -- Donald Davidson (philosopher) -- Dorothy Emmet -- Downward causation -- Dualistic cosmology -- Duns Scotus -- Duration (Bergson) -- Dynamism...

biological sciences. Major areas of epidemiological study include disease causation, transmission, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance, environmental...

of Artificial Life, Princeton University Press, (ISBN 0691029032) Downward Causation: Minds, Bodies and Matter by Peter Bogh Andersen, Claus Emmeche, Niels...

Dependent origination can be contrasted with the classic Western concept of causation in which an action by one thing is said to cause a change in another thing...

question of mental causation, in particular the proposition that mental events (and information in general, as in genetics) can be downwardly causal even though...

beneficial effects. There are two types of counterfactual thoughts: downward and upward. Downward counterfactuals are thoughts about how the situation could have...

breathing, suggesting that the diaphragm is not implicated directly in the causation of ETAP. Some have proposed that this abdominal pain may be caused by...

rate raises real GDP. This explains the downward slope of the IS curve. In summary, the IS curve shows the causation from interest rates to planned fixed...

follows a path that is curved downward. According to Newton's second law, this change in flow direction requires a downward force applied to the air by...