An electromagnetic four-potential is a relativistic vector function from which the electromagnetic field can be derived. It combines both an electric...

content of classical electromagnetism can be written in a concise and convenient form using the electromagnetic four potential, especially when the Lorenz...

In electromagnetism, the electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor (sometimes called the field strength tensor, Faraday tensor or Maxwell...

acceleration Electromagnetic four-potential, a relativistic vector function from which the electromagnetic field can be derived Coulomb potential Van der Waals...

mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field that are used in the study of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental interactions of nature...

} Covariant classical field theory Electromagnetic tensor Electromagnetic wave equation Liénard–Wiechert potential for a charge in arbitrary motion Moving...

together as the electromagnetic four-potential. If F is a conservative vector field (also called irrotational, curl-free, or potential), and its components...

space, a particle's four-momentum pμ, the amplitude of the electromagnetic four-potential Aμ(x) at a point x in spacetime, and the elements of the subspace...

centuries before light was understood to be an electromagnetic wave. However, the theory of electromagnetism, as it is currently understood, grew out of...

Liénard–Wiechert potentials describe the classical electromagnetic effect of a moving electric point charge in terms of a vector potential and a scalar potential in...

In electrodynamics, the retarded potentials are the electromagnetic potentials for the electromagnetic field generated by time-varying electric current...

while the electromagnetic potentials are purely mathematical constructs, that due to gauge freedom are not even unique for a given electromagnetic field....

The electromagnetic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium...

In electromagnetism and applications, an inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation, or nonhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation, is one of a set...

Heaviside–Gibbs formulation of continuum electrodynamics in terms of an electromagnetic four-potential, which is presented here in space/time asymmetric Heaviside...

field in the same way that, by analogy, the electromagnetic four-potential generates the electromagnetic field. The Lanczos tensor can be defined in a...

Gluon field strength tensor Quantum electrodynamics Electromagnetic four-potential Electromagnetic tensor Quantum field theory Standard Model Standard...

charged particle of charge q, moving in an electromagnetic field given by the electromagnetic four-potential: A = ( A 0 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 ) = ( ϕ c , A...

quarks. It plays the same role in quantum chromodynamics as the electromagnetic four-potential in quantum electrodynamics – the gluon field constructs the...

important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism. It gives formulas for how electromagnetic objects, in particular the electric and magnetic...

used. The electromagnetic four-potential is defined to be Aa = (−φ, A), and the electromagnetic four-current ja = (−ρ, j). The electromagnetic field at...

space. The four-current unifies charge density (related to electricity) and current density (related to magnetism) in one electromagnetic entity. In special...

(2011). Understanding Geometric Algebra for Electromagnetic Theory. IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory. Wiley. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-470-94163-8...

equation for the electromagnetic field in vacuum is ◻ A μ = 0 {\displaystyle \Box A^{\mu }=0} where Aμ is the electromagnetic four-potential in Lorenz gauge...

Electric potential energy is a potential energy (measured in joules) that results from conservative Coulomb forces and is associated with the configuration...

from an electromotive force (e.g., electromagnetic induction in a generator). On a macroscopic scale, a potential difference can be caused by electrochemical...

physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is...

}-ieA_{\sigma }} where A σ {\displaystyle A_{\sigma }} is the electromagnetic four-potential. Although the word "quantum" appears in the above, this is a...

space, known as an electromagnetic wave. The way in which charges and currents (i.e. streams of charges) interact with the electromagnetic field is described...

Maxwell–Faraday equation, one of the four Maxwell equations in his theory of electromagnetism. Electromagnetic induction has found many applications...