An electromagnetic four-potential is a relativistic vector function from which the electromagnetic field can be derived. It combines both an electric...

content of classical electromagnetism can be written in a concise and convenient form using the electromagnetic four potential, especially when the Lorenz...

In electromagnetism, the electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor (sometimes called the field strength tensor, Faraday tensor or Maxwell...

centuries before light was understood to be an electromagnetic wave. However, the theory of electromagnetism, as it is currently understood, grew out of...

Heaviside–Gibbs formulation of continuum electrodynamics in terms of an electromagnetic four-potential, which is presented here in space/time asymmetric Heaviside...

} Covariant classical field theory Electromagnetic tensor Electromagnetic wave equation Liénard–Wiechert potential for a charge in arbitrary motion Moving...

Gluon field strength tensor Quantum electrodynamics Electromagnetic four-potential Electromagnetic tensor Quantum field theory Standard Model Standard...

while the electromagnetic potentials are purely mathematical constructs, that due to gauge freedom are not even unique for a given electromagnetic field....

together as the electromagnetic four-potential. If F is a conservative vector field (also called irrotational, curl-free, or potential), and its components...

In electromagnetism and applications, an inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation, or nonhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation, is one of a set...

Liénard–Wiechert potentials describe the classical electromagnetic effect of a moving electric point charge in terms of a vector potential and a scalar potential in...

mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field that are used in the study of electromagnetism, one of the four fundamental interactions of nature...

In electrodynamics, the retarded potentials are the electromagnetic potentials for the electromagnetic field generated by time-varying electric current...

field in the same way that, by analogy, the electromagnetic four-potential generates the electromagnetic field. The Lanczos tensor can be defined in a...

charged particle of charge q, moving in an electromagnetic field given by the electromagnetic four-potential: A = ( A 0 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 ) = ( ϕ c , A...

space, a particle's four-momentum pμ, the amplitude of the electromagnetic four-potential Aμ(x) at a point x in spacetime, and the elements of the subspace...

acceleration Electromagnetic four-potential, a relativistic vector function from which the electromagnetic field can be derived Coulomb potential Van der Waals...

The electromagnetic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium...

quarks. It plays the same role in quantum chromodynamics as the electromagnetic four-potential in quantum electrodynamics – the gluon field constructs the...

as arising from modifying the electromagnetic wave equation to describe a particle with nonzero mass. The electromagnetic wave equation reads ◻ A μ = source...

physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is...

(2011). Understanding Geometric Algebra for Electromagnetic Theory. IEEE Press Series on Electromagnetic Wave Theory. Wiley. p. 180. ISBN 978-0-470-94163-8...

Relativistic electromagnetism is a physical phenomenon explained in electromagnetic field theory due to Coulomb's law and Lorentz transformations. After...

equation for the electromagnetic field in vacuum is ◻ A μ = 0 {\displaystyle \Box A^{\mu }=0} where Aμ is the electromagnetic four-potential in Lorenz gauge...

force — the electromagnetic force, as a consequence of relative motion between electric charges and observers. The fact that the electromagnetic field shows...

important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism. It gives formulas for how electromagnetic objects, in particular the electric and magnetic...

Maxwell–Faraday equation, one of the four Maxwell equations in his theory of electromagnetism. Electromagnetic induction has found many applications...

used. The electromagnetic four-potential is defined to be Aa = (−φ, A), and the electromagnetic four-current ja = (−ρ, j). The electromagnetic field at...

space. The four-current unifies charge density (related to electricity) and current density (related to magnetism) in one electromagnetic entity. In special...

space, known as an electromagnetic wave. The way in which charges and currents (i.e. streams of charges) interact with the electromagnetic field is described...