HZE ions are the high-energy nuclei component of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) which have an electric charge of +3 e or greater – that is, they must be the...

Major Cluster – Galaxy cluster of the Virgo Supercluster HZE ion – High-energy, heavy ions of cosmic origin Solar energetic particles – High-energy particles...

energy protons (85%), alpha particles (14%) and other high energy nuclei (HZE ions). Solar energetic particles consist primarily of protons accelerated by...

relativistic protons but also include heavier atomic nuclei like helium ions and HZE ions. In the atmosphere such particles are often stopped by air molecules...

space by a coronal mass ejection shock. Other nuclei such as helium and HZE ions may also be accelerated during the event. These particles can penetrate...

alpha particles (α), equivalent to a helium-4 nucleus helium ions at high energy levels HZE ions, which are nuclei heavier than helium positively or negatively...

that most ultra-high energy cosmic rays are heavier elements known as HZE ions. In this case, the argument behind the GZK limit does not apply in the...

to extend these studies to learn how such pathways can be disrupted by HZE ions, including both genetic and epigenetic modifications that are noted as...

high-energy protons, helium nuclei (alpha particles), and high-atomic-number ions (HZE ions), as well as secondary radiation from nuclear reactions from spacecraft...

with matter. At relativistic energies, protons, neutrons, helium ions, and HZE ions will undergo numerous elastic collisions before they are dissipated...

transfer is best defined for monoenergetic ions, i.e. protons, alpha particles, and the heavier nuclei called HZE ions found in cosmic rays or produced by particle...

identical to helium nuclei; and 1% are the nuclei of heavier elements, called HZE ions. These fractions vary highly over the energy range of cosmic rays. A very...

by CME shocks. The events can include other nuclei such as helium ions and HZE ions. These particles cause multiple effects. They can penetrate the Earth's...

galaxyPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback HZE ions – High-energy, heavy ions of cosmic originPages displaying short descriptions of redirect...

use heavy ion beams simulating space radiation, provide constructive evidence of the CNS risks from space radiation. First, exposure to HZE nuclei at...

GERMINATION AND OUTGROWTH OF SINGLE Bacillus subtilis SPORES HIT BY COSMIC HZE PARTICLES", Life Sciences and Space Research, 12, Pergamon: 75–83, doi:10...