The known-plaintext attack (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has access to both the plaintext (called a crib) and its encrypted...
10 KB (1,286 words) - 22:00, 7 January 2024
chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker can obtain the ciphertexts for arbitrary plaintexts. The...
11 KB (1,435 words) - 00:47, 29 December 2023
recalculated. This allows for possible known-plaintext attacks when combined with knowledge of the underlying plaintext structure. As the first three bytes...
9 KB (1,222 words) - 00:48, 24 May 2024
The meet-in-the-middle attack (MITM), a known plaintext attack, is a generic space–time tradeoff cryptographic attack against encryption schemes that rely...
17 KB (3,219 words) - 03:07, 18 August 2024
can also include known plaintext attacks where both the plaintext and its corresponding ciphertext are known. While active attackers can interact with...
6 KB (587 words) - 20:46, 15 December 2023
vulnerable to a known-plaintext attack. The slide attack is closely related to the related-key attack. The idea of the slide attack has roots in a paper...
7 KB (1,135 words) - 08:49, 25 July 2023
While the attacker has no channel providing access to the plaintext prior to encryption, in all practical ciphertext-only attacks, the attacker still has...
5 KB (665 words) - 12:17, 5 September 2023
In a cryptographic attack a third party cryptanalyst analyzes the ciphertext to try to "break" the cipher, to read the plaintext and obtain the key so...
11 KB (1,437 words) - 05:55, 30 January 2024
becoming "plaintext" input for the next. Insecure handling of plaintext can introduce weaknesses into a cryptosystem by letting an attacker bypass the...
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000 was offered for the best attack on one round of REDOC-II, and $20,000 for the best practical known-plaintext attack. REDOC III is a more efficient...
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Unfortunately, this approach is vulnerable to the meet-in-the-middle attack: given a known plaintext pair ( x , y ) {\displaystyle (x,y)} , such that y = E K 2...
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cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting in which units of plaintext are replaced with the ciphertext, in a defined manner, with the help of...
30 KB (4,021 words) - 22:15, 14 July 2024
A5/1 (section Known-plaintext attacks)
minutes or seconds. Originally, the weaknesses were passive attacks using the known plaintext assumption. In 2003, more serious weaknesses were identified...
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Cryptanalysis (redirect from Cryptanalytic attack)
or codetexts. Known-plaintext: the attacker has a set of ciphertexts to which they know the corresponding plaintext. Chosen-plaintext (chosen-ciphertext):...
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variable-length plaintext messages often have to be padded (expanded) to be compatible with the underlying cryptographic primitive. The attack relies on having...
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Block cipher (section Brute-force attacks)
Systems Laboratory. Matsui, M. & Yamagishi, A. "A new method for known plaintext attack of FEAL cipher". Advances in Cryptology – EUROCRYPT 1992. Menezes...
50 KB (6,475 words) - 03:59, 22 August 2024
key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher, each plaintext digit is encrypted...
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known-plaintext attack based on the non-uniform distribution of the outputs of pairs of adjacent S-boxes. It works by collecting many known plaintext/ciphertext...
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Gardening (cryptanalysis) (category Cryptographic attacks)
cryptanalysis, gardening is the act of encouraging a target to use known plaintext in an encrypted message. It was a term used at the British Government...
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dialled digit), there is a known-plaintext attack using 40 to 80 known plaintexts. For 2-byte blocks, 4 known plaintexts suffice. The "improved" CMEA...
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content of an RSA encrypted message. Under this padding function, padded plaintexts have a fixed format that it should follow. If the decryption device (e...
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attack also vulnerable to a known plaintext attack. However, a block cipher must not be vulnerable to a chosen plaintext attack to be considered secure....
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XOR operator in any of these ciphers is vulnerable to a known-plaintext attack, since plaintext ⊕ {\displaystyle \oplus } ciphertext = key. It is also...
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Ciphertext (section Attack models)
the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because...
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"Sincerely". Today, this kind of vulnerability is referred to as a known-plaintext attack. At Bletchley Park, the Allies' codebreakers referred to these predictable...
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describes an attack requiring 100–10000 chosen plaintexts, and Sean Murphy (1990) found an improvement that needs only 20 chosen plaintexts. Murphy and...
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space and, in some situations, with a comparison test value (see known plaintext attack). Output consists of a signal that the IC has found an answer and...
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replacement of a unit of plaintext (i.e., a meaningful word or phrase) with a code word (for example, "wallaby" replaces "attack at dawn"). A cypher, in...
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Data Encryption Standard (section Brute-force attack)
of the attack requires 250 known plaintexts, has a computational complexity of 250, and has a 51% success rate. There have also been attacks proposed...
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against even known-plaintext attack—an adversary can tell whether the sender is sending the message ATTACK AT DAWN versus the message ATTACK AT DUSK simply...
25 KB (3,049 words) - 23:59, 21 July 2024