Oliveira (2017). O ecossistema fundamental da língua Mambae: aspectos endoecológicos e exoecológicos de uma língua austronésia de Timor-Leste (Doctoral thesis)...

standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. With over...

outside of Luzon with a native Tagalog-speaking majority. It is also the main lingua franca in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. According to...

"to travel by rail" may be used for "to travel by train".) Malay was the lingua franca of the Indonesian archipelago before the proclamation of Indonesian...

includes the Tawi-Tawi chain of islands and the island of Basilan. It is a lingua franca spoken in different areas/islands of the archipelago. Due to migration...

language spoken in the Philippines, primarily by Ilocano people and as a lingua franca by the Igorot people and also by the native settlers of Cagayan Valley...

living in various regions across Indonesia. Belitung Malay serves as the lingua franca among the people of Belitung, encompassing not only Malays but also...

Retrieved 10 May 2020. "Falecimento - 12/10/2011". Projeto de Documentação de Línguas Indígenas. Retrieved 21 February 2018. "Another language faces sunset in...

Thailand. It is the primary spoken language of Thai Malays and used as a lingua franca by ethnic Southern Thais in rural areas, Muslim and non-Muslim and...

clause structure from an Austronesian perspective". Lingua. 118 (10): 1554–1582. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2007.08.002. Jensen, Joshua (2014). Jarai Clauses...

Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is quite close to Wawonii. It was a local lingua franca before independence. Bungku at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription...

million speakers, though in addition Tetum is an official language and a lingua franca among non-Tetum East Timorese. Geoffrey Hull (1998) proposes a Timoric...

generally known by other ethnic groups. The sporadic assertion about its lingua franca role has been noted to be mistaken. Bacan remains an in-group and...

language") is designated the bahasa persatuan/pemersatu ("unifying language" or lingua franca) whereas the term "Malay" (bahasa Melayu) is domestically restricted...

Papua New Guinea. It is spoken by 6,800 people and a further 14,000 as a lingua franca. Some village dialects also include a fricative sound [f]. /l/ can...

بهاس ملايو بروني‎), is the most widely spoken language in Brunei and a lingua franca in some parts of Sarawak and Sabah, such as Labuan, Limbang, Lawas...

southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the de facto lingua franca for various indigenous community especially in South Kalimantan,...

Austronesian language spoken in Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea. It is a lingua franca for 100,000 people in D'Entrecasteaux Islands. Sounds /p, t, k/ may...

Haudricourt, André G. (1965). "Problems of Austronesian comparative philology". Lingua. 14: 315–329. doi:10.1016/0024-3841(65)90048-3. Ko, Albert Min-Shan; et al...

with English being the second official language and usually only used as a Lingua Franca or in official business contexts. Kosraean at Ethnologue (18th ed...

more distantly to Mandar, Massenrempulu, and Mamuju. Taeʼ is used as a lingua franca from south of the border with Buriko Wajo Regency to Malili East...

Latin text. Ilocano is a second language to much of the Abellen and the lingua franca of where many of the Abellen people reside, while Tagalog is the...

Kingdom and the United States. Most Gaddang speakers also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of Northern Luzon, as well as Tagalog and English. Gaddang is associated...

an early settlement for Christian missionaries, leading to its use as a lingua franca in the area, having largely displaced the moribund Araki language...

language (Melayu Ambon). The latter is widely used in the Maluku Islands as a lingua franca and is a local form of Malay with additions of the local lexicon...

the somewhat more likely one. Lee (2015) regards that, when Siraya was a lingua franca among at least eight indigenous communities in southwestern Taiwan...

and the United States. Most of the speakers can also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of northern Luzon island. The name Ibanag comes from the prefix I...

different backgrounds meet, a mix of languages is used, including local lingua franca like Palembang Malay. In the 1970s, although Lampung was pretty much...

In the early twentieth century, colonial rule instituted Roviana as a lingua franca, and the Seventh-day Adventist church, which was widely adopted on...

an important lingua franca in the area for centuries and thus exerted pressure on smaller local idioms itself. Its importance as a lingua franca is diminishing;...