is quadrupedalism. This upright locomotion is called "orthograde posture". Orthograde posture in humans was made possible through millions of years of...

Gorilla before losing it in Australopithecus. The evolution of an orthograde posture would have been very helpful on a savanna as it would allow the ability...

including many living birds and extinct dinosaurs. Nonhuman apes with orthograde (vertical) backs may walk quadrupedally in what is called knuckle-walking...

measure the comparative energy used when lacking orthograde posture with using fully upright posture. Although it is harder to walk upright with bent...

and their ancestors, mostly due to their large size and upright or orthograde posture. The resemblance is even stronger for indri, which lack the long tail...

indicate an orthograde body plan. Recovered vertebrae indicate a relatively short, wide, and deep thorax support the orthograde posture for climbing...

Indriidae) (B) During the curled-up vertical cling leap, the torso is sub-orthograde with all limbs positioned in front of the body. (ex. Galago) (C) During...

All five limbs help support the body while the back is horizontal. Orthograde tail/quadrumanous-suspend: All five limbs help support the body while...

more often considered an extension of "orthograde clamber" rather than an independent form of locomotion. Orthograde clamber is when the majority of the...

animals are shown below. Anatomical axes in a human, similar for other orthograde bipedal vertebrates Anatomical axes and directions in a fish Spheroid...

1999 Niemitz, Carsten (2002). "A theory on the evolution of the habitual orthograde human bipedalism—the 'Amphibische Generalistentheorie'". Anthropologischer...