band that moved downwards. This effect is a weak form of paramagnetism known as Pauli paramagnetism. The effect always competes with a diamagnetic response...

in most materials, although superconductors exhibit a strong effect. Paramagnetism is a form of magnetism which occurs only in the presence of an externally...

field. However, other forms of magnetism (such as ferromagnetism or paramagnetism) are so much stronger such that, when different forms of magnetism are...

leads to what is known as Langevin paramagnetism (the quantum theory is sometimes called Brillouin paramagnetism), that leads to a positive magnetic...

magnet. Substances respond weakly to three other types of magnetism—paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism—but the forces are usually so...

Liquid Oxygen—Paramagnetism and Color, West Lafayette, IN, USA: Purdue University Department of Chemistry, see Liquid Oxygen---Paramagnetism and Color and...

magnetic field: an alignment with the magnetic field, χ > 0, called paramagnetism, or an alignment against the field, χ < 0, called diamagnetism. Magnetic...

Both dioxygen and the superoxide anion are free radicals that exhibit paramagnetism. Superoxide was historically also known as "hyperoxide". Superoxide...

explanations based on classical physics can be formulated, diamagnetism, paramagnetism and ferromagnetism can be fully explained only using quantum theory...

one or more unpaired electrons are paramagnetic. The magnitude of the paramagnetism is expressed as an effective magnetic moment, μeff. For first-row transition...

rules, they remain unpaired and spin-parallel, which accounts for the paramagnetism of molecular oxygen. These half-filled orbitals are antibonding in character...

liquid oxygen (O2) is poured from a beaker into a strong magnet, the oxygen is temporarily suspended between the magnet poles, owing to its paramagnetism....

studied ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism for his doctoral thesis, and discovered the effect of temperature on paramagnetism which is now known...

force on the paramagnet (or diamagnet) per unit volume (i.e. force density). In diamagnets ( χ < 0 {\displaystyle \chi <0} ) and paramagnets ( χ > 0 {\displaystyle...

of the same magnitude in the absence of an applied magnetic field. Paramagnetism: The magnetic moments in a paramagnetic material are disordered in the...

agent because of its solubility in nonpolar organic solvents and its paramagnetism. The compound is prepared by the reaction of chromium(III) oxide with...

effects dominate, like Langevin diamagnetism or Van Vleck paramagnetism. A simple model of a paramagnet concentrates on the particles which compose it which...

Fermi–Dirac statistics. Using this idea, he developed the theory of paramagnetism in 1926. Pauli said, "Festkörperphysik ist eine Schmutzphysik"—solid-state...

Anderson and Sir Nevill Mott. Van Vleck transformations, Van Vleck paramagnetism and Van Vleck formula are named after him. Van Vleck died in Cambridge...

magnetization continues to increase very slowly with the field due to paramagnetism.) Saturation is a characteristic of ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic...

called a diamagnet. Paramagnetism is a weak positive response to a magnetic field due to rotation of electron spins. Paramagnetism occurs in certain kinds...

useful for capacitors. Classification of materials based on permittivity Paramagnetism Clausius-Mossotti relation Dielectric absorption Dielectric losses Dielectric...

doi:10.1016/S0065-2725(08)60422-5. ISBN 978-0-12-020762-6. However, paramagnetism does not necessarily imply radical character. Linde, C.; Åkermark, B...

two 3-electron bonds and one 2-electron bond, which accounts for its paramagnetism and its formal bond order of 2. Chlorine dioxide and its heavier analogues...

can flip the magnetic dipoles that make up the material causing both paramagnetism and ferromagnetism. Additionally, the magnetic field can affect the...

with a magnetic field. Only elements with unpaired electrons exhibit paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and antiferromagnetism. N. C. Norman (1997). Periodicity...

include the liquid–liquid critical points in mixtures, and the ferromagnet–paramagnet transition (Curie temperature) in the absence of an external magnetic...

that has a spatial distribution about an atom or molecule. Oxygen's paramagnetism can be used analytically in paramagnetic oxygen gas analysers that determine...

forces on "nonmagnetic" materials by three other magnetic effects: paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, although these forces are usually...

1934 to the Académie des sciences. Langevin is noted for his work on paramagnetism and diamagnetism, and devised the modern interpretation of this phenomenon...