A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage of development of the gametophyte (the haploid phase)...
2 KB (240 words) - 11:29, 5 April 2024
moss life-cycle starts with a haploid spore that germinates to produce a protonema (pl. protonemata), which is either a mass of thread-like filaments or...
61 KB (6,983 words) - 17:38, 5 August 2024
emerging from the opposite end. The germ tube develops into the hypha, protonema or thallus of the gametophyte. In seedless vascular plants such as ferns...
1 KB (160 words) - 00:47, 20 August 2023
become thalloid, and can produce a few rhizoids. Soon afterwards, the protonema develops buds and these differentiate into its characteristic, erect,...
34 KB (3,994 words) - 06:18, 10 August 2024
haploid spore to produce a protonema, which is either a mass of thread-like filaments or a flattened thallus. The protonema is a transitory stage in the...
41 KB (4,223 words) - 04:21, 18 August 2024
growing on potato dextrose agar Knop agar is used to axenically culture protonema and whole moss plants, such as those of Physcomitrella patens, a model...
19 KB (1,999 words) - 00:02, 4 August 2024
spore germinates. In either case, the protonema is a transitory stage in the life of a hornwort. From the protonema grows the adult gametophyte, which is...
31 KB (3,108 words) - 17:51, 10 June 2024
cell divides to produce the protonemal initial, from which the primary protonema arises, and the rhizoidal initial, from which the primary rhizoid descends...
11 KB (1,270 words) - 22:00, 2 July 2024
Helicobasidium purpureum (redirect from Protonema brebissonii)
Helicobasidium brebissonii (Desm.) Donk (1958) Hypochnus purpureus Tul. (1865) Protonema brebissonii Desm. (1834) Rhizoctonia asparagi Fuckel (1870) Rhizoctonia...
6 KB (481 words) - 21:05, 13 May 2024
its juvenile form, the protonema, under the influence of phytohormones (mainly cytokinins). Whereas the filamentous protonema grows by apical cell division...
2 KB (186 words) - 00:54, 20 August 2023
adapted to grow in low light conditions by utilizing spherical cells in the protonema that act as lenses, collecting and concentrating even the faintest light...
6 KB (674 words) - 04:17, 15 April 2024
of the family Mitteniaceae in the order Pottiales. It has luminescent protonema. Goffinet, B.; Buck, W. R.; Shaw, A. J. (2008). "Morphology and Classification...
2 KB (161 words) - 00:43, 12 September 2023
regeneration. Instead, they regenerate directly into the filamentous protonema, mimicking a germinating moss spore. Protoplasts may also be used for...
9 KB (803 words) - 12:50, 7 June 2024
corresponding organs in other algae. As a result of fertilization, a protonema is formed, from which the sexually reproducing algae develops. A new terrestrial...
23 KB (2,291 words) - 22:01, 2 July 2024
haploid spore that germinates to produce a protonema, which are thread-like filaments or thalloid. Protonema is a combination of chloronema, caulonema...
11 KB (1,399 words) - 01:04, 1 December 2023
viridis is microscopic, existing mostly as non-competitive, slow-growing protonema. It is not desiccation-tolerant. B. viridis is dioicus, with its antheridia...
10 KB (1,273 words) - 11:58, 1 February 2024
transition from apical growth to growth via a three-faced apical cell in moss protonema. This bud induction can be pinpointed to differentiation of a specific...
18 KB (1,978 words) - 22:50, 13 February 2024
into the sea through papillae. After fertilisation, the zygote becomes a protonema and this in turn develops into a new thallus. Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M...
3 KB (224 words) - 02:17, 15 June 2024
stages: juvenile and adult. The juvenile stage is represented by "primary protonema" (thread-like structures formed directly by spore germination). The adult...
15 KB (1,313 words) - 06:07, 1 June 2024
with the haploid spore, which then germinates into a thalloid protonema. The protonema then gives rise to the leafy gametophyte which houses the male...
12 KB (1,365 words) - 13:13, 21 June 2023
spore germinates it grows to produce a filament of cells (called the protonema). The mature gametophyte of mosses develops into leafy shoots that produce...
26 KB (3,151 words) - 11:09, 27 May 2024
of the moss. To ensure a maximum growth rate, the moss is kept at the protonema stage by continuous mechanical disruption, e.g. by using rotating blades...
7 KB (763 words) - 08:58, 21 July 2024
After being dispersed as a haploid spore, it develops protonema. The first stage of protonema is chloronema which consists of irregular branching, transverse...
19 KB (2,316 words) - 07:02, 21 March 2024
called protonema, composed of two types of cells – chloronema with large and numerous chloroplasts and caulonema with very fast growth. Protonema filaments...
23 KB (2,426 words) - 03:11, 19 February 2024
haploid spore which quickly germinates to become a uniseriate protonema. This protonema serves members of Splachnaceae by quickly colonizing its preferred...
20 KB (2,307 words) - 21:04, 14 May 2024
Oedocladium Oedocladium protonema Scientific classification (unranked): Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Chlorophyceae Order: Oedogoniales Family:...
973 bytes (36 words) - 19:24, 5 December 2023
carried hemisphere-wide by the jet streams. They germinate to algae-like protonema, which then convert to more robust gametophytes. Species are suited to...
37 KB (3,646 words) - 02:00, 20 July 2024
germinate and grow into a narrow long rhizoid-like form named a protonema. This protonema develops buds which grow to become either a male or female gametophyte...
9 KB (1,055 words) - 05:24, 27 September 2023
He directly observed the germination of spores and formation of the protonema. He was less successful with other sporophytes, being unable to determine...
9 KB (822 words) - 03:03, 27 June 2024
changes and new moss record in Australia: including a description of the protonema of Calomnion. Journal of Bryology 16, 261-273. Vitt DH (1995) The genus...
2 KB (247 words) - 22:05, 14 January 2024