typically true of its sister clade, Deuterostomia. Well known examples of protostomes are arthropods, molluscs, annelids, flatworms and nematodes. They are...

distinguishing characteristic, but deuterostomy has since been discovered among protostomes as well. The deuterostomes are also known as enterocoelomates, because...

Lophotrochozoa (/ləˌfɒtroʊkoʊˈzoʊə/, "crest/wheel animals") is a clade of protostome animals within the Spiralia. The taxon was established as a monophyletic...

basis for separating bilaterian animals into two natural groupings: the protostomes and deuterostomes. In animals at least as complex as an earthworm, a...

The Spiralia are a morphologically diverse clade of protostome animals, including within their number the molluscs, annelids, platyhelminths and other...

the mouth in protostomes, and the anus in deuterostomes. Many taxonomists now recognize at least two more superphyla among the protostomes, Ecdysozoa (molting...

to the type of body cavity they possess, such as pseudocoelomates and protostome coelomates. In amniotes and some invertebrates, the coelom is the large...

symmetric body plan. The vast majority belong to two large superphyla: the protostomes, which includes organisms such as the arthropods, molluscs, flatworms...

always placed brachiopods as protostomes while another type has split between placing brachiopods among the protostomes or the deuterostomes. It was suggested...

strictly related to and possibly belonging to Gnathifera, a clade of protostomes that do not belong to either Ecdysozoa or Lophotrochozoa. Chaetognaths...

appears to have happened at least twice, following different paths in protostomes and deuterostomes. This accompanied or facilitated other important evolutionary...

between protostomes and deuterostomes is based on the direction in which the mouth (stoma) develops in relation to the blastopore. Protostome derives...

Ecdysozoa (/ˌɛkdɪsoʊˈzoʊə/) is a group of protostome animals, including Arthropoda (insects, chelicerata (including arachnids), crustaceans, and myriapods)...

to this view, most researchers now regard phoronids as members of the protostome super-phylum Lophotrochozoa. Although analysts using molecular phylogeny...

555 million-year-old Kimberella was a member of the protostomes. If so, this means the protostome and deuterostome lineages must have split some time...

understanding of the Cambrian explosion; if it was a mollusc, or at least a protostome, this would mean that the two dominant Nephrozoan lineages would have...

Protostomes Relationships of Ecdysozoa to each other and to annelids, etc.,[failed verification] including euthycarcinoids...

in ontogeny is a criterion used to classify bilaterian animals into protostomes and deuterostomes. In the first multicellular animals, there was probably...

tube of an embryo forms as a blind pouch called the archenteron. In protostomes, the coelom forms by a process known as schizocoely. The archenteron...

Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (/ˈmɒləsks/). Around 76,000 extant species of...

presence of a central nervous system. An alternative to the traditional protostome-deuterostome dichotomy, it has found weak support in several studies....

can be found in species earlier than vertebrates; most recently in the protostome horseshoe crab species, putting the origins of the system back further...

have direct development. In current systematics, they are described as protostomes, despite having a deuterostomic development. Because the group is so...

glutamate at the glutamate-gated chloride channel that is specific to protostome invertebrates, with minor effects on gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors...

lophophore. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that lophophorates are protostomes, but on morphological grounds they have been assessed as deuterostomes...

Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode...

species of this superphylum, it has since been determined to belong to a protostome group called the ecdysozoans. Fossils of the species were first discovered...

Sussex, UK, and was collected in Sierra Leone in June 1976. Snails are protostomes. That means during development, in the gastrulation phase, the blastopore...

stem-deuterostome, an ambulacrarian, a bilaterian of uncertain placement, as a protostome of uncertain position, or a relative of Ecdysozoa. A 2015 study which...

Look up seta in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In biology, setae /ˈsiːtiː/ (sg.: seta /ˈsiːtə/; from the Latin word for "bristle") are any of a number...