between Persia and Europe. According to the 13th-century Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamavi, the origin of the word kali/khali/hali, a knotted carpet, is from...

(Syria) as reported in the geographical work of Abulfeda (d. 1331). Yaqut al-Hamavi’s geographical dictionary (c. 1224) defined fand as a section of a mountain...