An instanton (or pseudoparticle) is a notion appearing in theoretical and mathematical physics. An instanton is a classical solution to equations of motion...

In mathematical physics and differential geometry, a gravitational instanton is a four-dimensional complete Riemannian manifold satisfying the vacuum...

In theoretical physics, the BPST instanton is the instanton with winding number 1 found by Alexander Belavin, Alexander Polyakov, Albert Schwarz and Yu...

In quantum field theory, the instanton fluid model is a model of Wick rotated Euclidean quantum chromodynamics. If we examine the path integral of the...

BPST-like instantons. Although only the solutions with one or few instantons (or anti-instantons) are known exactly, a dilute gas of instantons and anti-instantons...

Periodic instantons are finite energy solutions of Euclidean-time field equations which communicate (in the sense of quantum tunneling) between two turning...

of the equations are called Yang–Mills connections or instantons. The moduli space of instantons was used by Simon Donaldson to prove Donaldson's theorem...

a symplectic manifold with the symplectic action functional. For the (instanton) version for three-manifolds, it is the space of SU(2)-connections on...

A meron or half-instanton is a Euclidean space-time solution of the Yang–Mills field equations. It is a singular non-self-dual solution of topological...

topology of smooth 4-manifolds using moduli spaces of anti-self-dual instantons. It was started by Simon Donaldson (1983) who proved Donaldson's theorem...

equations of motion called instantons. They are responsible for tunnelling between different topological vacua with an instanton with winding number ν {\displaystyle...

strength of a BPST instanton with center z on the compactification S4 of ℝ4 (bottom right). The BPST instanton is a classical instanton solution to the Yang–Mills...

perturbative loop calculation and the second is the instanton part where k {\displaystyle k} labels fixed instanton numbers. In theories whose gauge groups are...

the Gibbons–Hawking ansatz is a method of constructing gravitational instantons introduced by Gary Gibbons and Stephen Hawking (1978, 1979). It gives...

equations of motion for a classical field theory, particles known as instantons. Gauge theory has found uses in constructing new invariants of smooth...

potential" served for many years as a model to illustrate the concept of instantons as a pseudo-classical configuration in a Euclideanised field theory. In...

algebra Kac–Moody algebra Wess–Zumino–Witten model Gauge theory Anomalies Instantons Chern–Simons form Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield bound Exceptional Lie...

his more recent work was inspired by theoretical physics, in particular instantons and monopoles, which are responsible for some corrections in quantum field...

With Stephen Hawking, he later developed the so-called Hawking-Turok instanton solutions which, according to the no-boundary proposal of Hawking and...

either tunnel through the barrier (in which case the transition is an instanton-like process) or must for a reasonable period of time be brought up to...

north and south pole Dyon, a particle with electric and magnetic charge Instanton, a class of field solutions that includes monopoles Monomial, a polynomial...

of non-tunneling rates. Instantons, a field configuration which is a local minimum of the Yang–Mills field equation. Instantons are used in nonperturbative...

formula for the masses of mesons. He also studied the role of so-called instanton contributions in QCD. His calculation showed that these contributions...

caloron is the finite temperature generalization of an instanton. At zero temperature, instantons are the name given to solutions of the classical equations...

field theory, 't Hooft–Polyakov monopoles, domain walls, flux tubes, and instantons are examples. A concrete, physical example is given by the Schwinger effect...

the ADHM construction or monad construction is the construction of all instantons using methods of linear algebra by Michael Atiyah, Vladimir Drinfeld,...

Einstein manifolds in four Euclidean dimensions are studied as gravitational instantons. If M is the underlying n-dimensional manifold, and g is its metric tensor...

Gerard 't Hooft. Polyakov and coauthors discovered the so-called BPST instanton which, in turn, led to the discovery of the vacuum angle in QCD. His path...

a non-trivial homotopy group, or, in physics lingo, in terms of instantons. Instantons are a form of topological soliton; they are a solution to the classical...

algebra Kac–Moody algebra Wess–Zumino–Witten model Gauge theory Anomalies Instantons Chern–Simons form Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield bound Exceptional Lie...