• Thumbnail for Microcystin
    Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae. Over 250 different...
    28 KB (2,983 words) - 03:59, 18 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Microcystin-LR
    Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a toxin produced by cyanobacteria. It is the most toxic of the microcystins. Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptides. The seven...
    26 KB (3,054 words) - 12:59, 3 June 2024
  • Thumbnail for Spirulina (dietary supplement)
    one, produce toxins such as microcystins. Some spirulina supplements have been found to be contaminated with microcystins, albeit at levels below the...
    32 KB (3,472 words) - 21:06, 19 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Cyanotoxin
    standard analysis was for microcystin-LR. Blooms containing microcystin are a problem worldwide in freshwater ecosystems. Microcystins are cyclic peptides and...
    47 KB (5,146 words) - 19:47, 11 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Microcystis aeruginosa
    hepatotoxins, such as microcystin and cyanopeptolin. Microcystis aeruginosa produces numerous congeners of microcystin, with microcystin-LR being the most...
    18 KB (1,862 words) - 02:01, 21 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Microcystis
    Microcystis community can produce neurotoxins and hepatotoxins, such as microcystin and cyanopeptolin. Communities are often a mix of toxin-producing and...
    11 KB (1,070 words) - 00:59, 14 September 2024
  • Thumbnail for Oligopeptide
    aeruginosins, cyanopeptolins, microcystins, microviridins, microginins, anabaenopeptins, and cyclamides. Microcystins are best studied because of their...
    7 KB (693 words) - 15:13, 2 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Colestyramine
    report suggests that colestyramine may be useful for cyanobacterial (microcystin) poisoning in dogs. Ointments containing colestyramine compounded with...
    13 KB (1,279 words) - 20:27, 19 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Lake Okeechobee
    nutrient-laden waters reaching the lake from farms and other sources. Microcystin was found among the other species involved in the outbreak. In July 2016...
    44 KB (5,103 words) - 23:33, 18 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Cyanobacteria
    and humans by the production of powerful toxins (cyanotoxins) such as microcystins, saxitoxin, and cylindrospermopsin. Nowadays, cyanobacterial blooms pose...
    180 KB (17,735 words) - 17:20, 13 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
    bioaccumulation. Microcystins were detected in the tissue of clams at levels much higher than the ambient water around them because of microcystin's ability to...
    66 KB (7,403 words) - 07:22, 16 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Daphnia
    and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme were up-regulated in the presence of microcystins in the food of D. magna and with this the enzymes of glycolysis and protein...
    25 KB (2,724 words) - 08:28, 11 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Sea otter
    from approximately Coal Oil Point to Gaviota State Park. A toxin called microcystin, produced by a type of cyanobacteria (Microcystis), seems to be concentrated...
    120 KB (13,978 words) - 19:46, 5 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Hartbeespoort
    industrialised city south of Johannesburg. Bushbabies Monkey Sanctuary Microcystin Eutrophication "Ward 30". "Main Place Hartbeespoort". Census 2011. Carruthers...
    7 KB (435 words) - 20:43, 25 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Dadiah
    Lactobacillus plantarum strains from dadiah play important roles in removing microcystin-LR, cyanobacterial toxin. This wild strain of Lactobacillus plantarum...
    6 KB (618 words) - 06:54, 3 April 2024
  • Thumbnail for Fertilizer
    Estenik, JF; Oesch, C; Khidekel, R; Boyer, GL (2013). "Variations in the microcystin content of different fish species collected from a eutrophic lake". Toxins...
    99 KB (10,462 words) - 03:47, 17 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Drought
    can cause cancer with low exposure over the long term. High levels of microcystin appeared in San Francisco Bay Area salt-water shellfish and fresh-water...
    76 KB (8,618 words) - 22:11, 4 November 2024
  • Steroidobacter flavus is a microcystin-degrading bacterium from the genus of Steroidobacter which has been isolated from forest soil from the Hainan Island...
    1 KB (79 words) - 08:01, 2 April 2022
  • Thumbnail for Enzyme inhibitor
    the RNA polymerase II enzyme from transcribing DNA. The algal toxin microcystin is also a peptide and is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases. This toxin...
    104 KB (11,579 words) - 19:29, 18 September 2024
  • include this amino acid include microcystins and nodularins. Along with leucine and arginine, it is found in microcystin-LR, an extremely toxic compound...
    3 KB (134 words) - 06:40, 8 November 2023
  • Microcystinase is a protease that selectively degrades microcystin, an extremely potent cyanotoxin that causes marine pollution and can lead to human...
    2 KB (163 words) - 20:55, 20 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
    shown to be cross-contaminated with microcystin.Ten of the eighteen samples exceeded the safety value of 1 μg microcystin per gram. This underscores the importance...
    16 KB (1,760 words) - 18:42, 13 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Grand Lake St. Marys State Park
    harmful to plants and animals. Humans are also affected by the toxins. Microcystin can harm the liver and cause other health problems including mild rashes...
    17 KB (1,681 words) - 10:59, 9 October 2024
  • Thumbnail for Gloeotrichia
    push lakes towards eutrophication and to produce potentially deadly Microcystin-LR. Spherical colonies of radiating straight trichomes (filaments without...
    12 KB (1,395 words) - 03:06, 5 June 2024
  • Thumbnail for Protein phosphatase 1
    acid, a diarrhetic shellfish poison, strong tumor promoter, and microcystin. Microcystin is a liver toxin produced by blue-green algae and contains a cyclic...
    18 KB (2,050 words) - 17:09, 2 October 2024
  • N-dimethyl)benzenamine) Michler's ketone (4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone) Microcystin-LR Mirex Mitomycin C Mitoxantrone Molybdenum trioxide 3-Monochloro-1...
    15 KB (1,443 words) - 02:48, 4 October 2024
  • Salminen SJ, Meriluoto JA (May 2008). "Effect of glucose in removal of microcystin-LR by viable commercial probiotic strains and strains isolated from dadih...
    22 KB (2,448 words) - 09:48, 12 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Rivularia (cyanobacteria)
    Elena; Mulero, Iván; García-Ayala, Alfonsa (2012). "Immunolocalisation of microcystin in colonies of the cynobacterium Rivularia in calcareous streams". Marine...
    5 KB (505 words) - 19:44, 27 October 2022
  • Thumbnail for Pistia
    extracted from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes Linn.) on the growth, microcystin production and release of Microcystis aeruginosa". Environmental Science...
    35 KB (3,805 words) - 21:10, 11 November 2024
  • Thumbnail for Skaneateles Lake
    experienced a widespread blue-green algal bloom which tested positive for microcystin toxins, thus no longer making it one of the cleanest lakes in the US...
    17 KB (1,745 words) - 17:07, 1 July 2024