In geotechnical engineering, soil structure describes the arrangement of the solid parts of the soil and of the pore space located between them. It is...

Ground–structure interaction (SSI) consists of the interaction between soil (ground) and a structure built upon it. It is primarily an exchange of mutual...

plants and soil organisms. Some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil. Soil consists...

horizon at the mineral soil surface or buried; contains organic matter that has at least partly been modified in-situ; soil structure and/or structural elements...

transferred from the ground surface to layers of soil or rock at greater depths. This loss of soil structure causes it to lose its strength (the ability to...

physical properties of soil, in order of decreasing importance for ecosystem services such as crop production, are texture, structure, bulk density, porosity...

in soil is caused by irrigating with salty water. Water then evaporates from the soil leaving the salt behind. Salt breaks down the soil structure, causing...

(anisotropy) within soils. These alterations lead to the development of layers, termed soil horizons, distinguished by differences in color, structure, texture,...

Soil erosion is the denudation or wearing away of the upper layer of soil. It is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic...

including texture, color, structure, and consistence. Morphological evaluations of soil are typically performed in the field on a soil profile containing multiple...

Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil. Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental...

Topsoil or horizon O is with sufficient soil organic matter for healthy soil structure and soil moisture retention; Soil pH in the range 5.5 to 7.0 (suitable...

is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain. The shear resistance of soil is a result of friction...

Alkali, or Alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (greater than 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard...

advanced microorganisms, which are important because they affect soil structure and fertility. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes...

influence on soil fertility, plant growth, soil structure, and carbon storage. As a relatively new science, much remains unknown about soil biology and...

N-butoxyacrylamide. The most common use of soil conditioners is to improve soil structure. Soils tend to become compacted over time. Soil compaction impedes root growth...

used. Structure liming can reduce losses of clay and nutrients from soil aggregates. The degree to which a given amount of lime per unit of soil volume...

tillage. Soil aggregate stability is a measure of soil structure and can be affected by soil management. Aggregate stability is one of indicators of soil quality...

support for plants and other structures. Soil management has a major impact on soil quality. Soil quality relates to soil functions. Unlike water or air...

Soil mechanics is used to analyze the deformations of and flow of fluids within natural and man-made structures that are supported on or made of soil...

field by its evaporation from the plant itself. Water affects soil formation, structure, stability and erosion but is of primary concern with respect...

engineering, soil compaction is the process in which stress applied to a soil causes densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains...

Soil compaction, also known as soil structure degradation, is the increase of bulk density or decrease in porosity of soil due to externally or internally...

fertility or soil mechanics). It includes soil conservation, soil amendment, and optimal soil health. In agriculture, some amount of soil management is...

finer soil structure. The surface the soil can be broken down into a fine granular structure using a tool such as a rake. Soil improvement. The soil structure...

within soils, various polymers have been shown to increase water retention and reduce erosion, increase soil shear strength, and support soil structure. A...

from a diverse set of crops. Additionally, crop rotations can improve soil structure and organic matter, which reduces erosion and increases farm system...

non-exhaustive list of these benefits to soil function includes improvement of soil structure, aggregation, water retention, soil biodiversity, absorption and retention...

volatile organic compounds. Gases fill soil pores in the soil structure as water drains or is removed from a soil pore by evaporation or root absorption...