Encastellation (sometimes castellation, which can also mean crenellation) is the process whereby the feudal kingdoms of Europe became dotted with castles...

the 11th century, Calabria was the first province affected by Norman encastellation. In 1046 William Iron Arm began construction of Stridula (a large castle...

southern Italy, where Islamic medicine influenced the school at Salerno. Encastellation continued, with stone fortresses built in regions where central authority...

spread a unique Romanesque idiom to England, Italy and Ireland, and the encastellation of these regions with keeps in their north French style fundamentally...

was first raided by the Anglo-Normans in 1177 but not until 1237 did encastellation begin under Richard Mor de Burgh (c. 1194–1242). New towns were founded...

age. Other archeological findings concern Bruttian graves. The first encastellation can be ascribed to the Normans who built the castle on the cliff under...

of the ancient Roman structures they tried to emulate. Besides the encastellation of the countryside, the Normans erected several religious buildings...

thanks to this project. Star fort replaced medieval fortifications. Encastellation Rocca di Manerba del Garda These defenses were not only used as counter-measures...

and set a precedent for the partitioning of the Gaetan duchy and its encastellation, which corroded ducal authority over time. In 962, Gaeta put itself...

and regained something of its former independence, but at the cost of encastellation and settlement under Richard Mór de Burgh (died 1242) and his son, Walter...

and regained something of its former independence, but at the cost of encastellation and settlement under Richard Mór de Burgh (died 1242) and his son, Walter...

Anglo-Saxon days, particularly during the post-Norman Invasion feudal encastellation and the Industrial Revolution. As the political power of the landed...

protection in Connacht. They were again forced to move as a result of the encastellation of Connacht by Richard Mor de Burgh, with the result that they were...

instability in the Lower Roman Empire there was a movement towards Encastellation and a new fortified site was established in mid-slope between the former...

outlines an influential, in-depth study of incastellamento (in English, encastellation) in the Lazio region of Italy. Pierre Toubert was born on 29 November...

probably at last forced action against them." Isarn began a programme of encastellation to bring the Dauphiné back under Christian control. According to later...

and regained something of its former independence, but at the cost of encastellation and settlement under Richard Mór de Burgh (died 1242) and his son, Walter...

Italy. The castle of Fossa is the typical result of the phenomena of encastellation that occurred in medieval times. It is located in the highest part of...

second defeated the rebels at Aber Llech. What followed was the complete encastellation of Brycheiniog. Among the castles possibly built during Bernard's lordship...

emergence of the village of Tocco is linked to the process of medieval encastellation by which local and ecclesiastical lords sought to gain greater power...

their misdeeds." Bishop Ó Muirdaig's term witnessed the invasion and encastellation of Connacht begin under Richard Mor de Burgh (c. 1194–1242) and the...

secures Bernard de Neufmarché's Lordship of Brecknock, leading to the encastellation of Brycheiniog. William II of England attempts to suppress the revolt...

1943 by Józef Gosławski. Gallery Round turrets Side view showing the encastellation The legendary dimples left by the hands of Devil Boruta Rear view of...

it greatly increased its holdings and proceeded on most of them to encastellation. A privilege of Emperor Henry II the Holy in 1014 allows one to know...

of Reconquista had to be adopted. Consequentially, his reign saw the encastellation of Pallars of Ribagorza and the proliferation of turres (defensive towers)...

of Reconquista had been adopted. The reign also saw a proliferation (encastellation) of turres (defensive towers) in Pallars and Ribagorza; castles such...

Urgel and Cerdanya. In 871, Wilfred the Hairy and his kin began the encastellation of Besalú by constructing a forward castle at Castellaris. Wilfred later...

and regained something of its former independence, but at the cost of encastellation and settlement under Richard Mór de Burgh (died 1242) and his son, Walter...

prominent. In the mid-tenth century Conflent experienced a period of encastellation. Two castles, Castellano and Turres Betses, appear by the 950s; castles...

village of Farnetta was likely founded in the 9-10th century during the encastellation times. The village was later part of the Terre Arnolfe, under the feudal...