• Thumbnail for Calutron
    A calutron is a mass spectrometer originally designed and used for separating the isotopes of uranium. It was developed by Ernest Lawrence during the Manhattan...
    63 KB (7,635 words) - 17:58, 16 June 2024
  • Thumbnail for Calutron Girls
    The Calutron Girls were a group of young women—mostly high school graduates—who had joined the Manhattan Project at the Y-12 National Security Complex...
    16 KB (1,748 words) - 17:14, 15 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Y-12 National Security Complex
    uranium-235 from natural uranium, which is 99.3% uranium-238, by using calutrons to perform electromagnetic isotope separation. Y-12 separated the uranium-235...
    21 KB (2,245 words) - 21:32, 3 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Timeline of the Manhattan Project
    electromagnetic separation methods which resulted in the invention of Calutron. Compton puts the case for plutonium before Bush and Conant. December 7:...
    34 KB (4,184 words) - 18:54, 19 March 2024
  • respective collection targets. A production-scale mass spectrometer named the Calutron was developed during World War II that provided some of the 235U used for...
    48 KB (5,598 words) - 01:58, 23 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Ernest Lawrence
    isotope separation at the Radiation Laboratory. It used devices known as calutrons, a hybrid of the standard laboratory mass spectrometer and cyclotron....
    61 KB (6,926 words) - 18:29, 8 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Richard Feynman
    uranium-238. This was done in a quite different manner from that used by the calutron that was under development by a team under Wilson's former mentor, Ernest...
    126 KB (14,488 words) - 21:00, 4 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Manhattan Project
    to manage Y-12. The calutrons were turned over to trained Tennessee Eastman operators known as the Calutron Girls. The calutrons initially enriched the...
    180 KB (21,969 words) - 09:02, 4 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Tennessee
    Calutron operators at the Y-12 Plant in Oak Ridge during the Manhattan Project...
    253 KB (22,616 words) - 02:13, 5 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Electrical conductor
    on loan from the United States Treasury were used in the making of the calutron magnets during World War II due to wartime shortages of copper. Aluminum...
    14 KB (1,646 words) - 17:30, 12 June 2024
  • Thumbnail for Mass spectrometry
    known as calutrons were developed by Ernest O. Lawrence and used for separating the isotopes of uranium during the Manhattan Project. Calutron mass spectrometers...
    82 KB (10,321 words) - 23:55, 29 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Frank Oppenheimer
    Oppenheimer (center) with part of a calutron at Berkeley (date unknown)...
    27 KB (2,768 words) - 19:48, 23 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for History of mass spectrometry
    this instrument to verify the equivalence of mass and energy, E = mc2. A Calutron is a sector mass spectrometer that was used for separating the isotopes...
    25 KB (2,962 words) - 14:33, 20 July 2024
  • used in the first atomic bombs. Devices using his principle are named calutrons. After the war the method was largely abandoned as impractical. It had...
    31 KB (4,296 words) - 03:55, 25 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Silver
    II in the US, 13540 tons of silver were used for the electromagnets in calutrons for enriching uranium, mainly because of the wartime shortage of copper...
    94 KB (11,249 words) - 16:05, 9 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Gold
    atomic experiments, but large high-current silver wires were used in the calutron isotope separator magnets in the project. It is estimated that 16% of the...
    141 KB (15,985 words) - 16:28, 9 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Diffusion pump
    Diffusion pumps used on the Calutron mass spectrometers during the Manhattan Project, visible as black cylinders in the upper half of the image...
    10 KB (1,246 words) - 17:12, 23 June 2024
  • Thumbnail for Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
    contributing to the project. It has been rumoured that he visited the Calutron project. He wrote that his scientific research was motivated by his desire...
    60 KB (5,697 words) - 19:21, 3 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for The Oak Ridge Boys
    and were given a tour of the Y-12 National Security Complex's historic Calutrons (used to separate the uranium 235 for Little Boy, the first atomic bomb...
    44 KB (4,357 words) - 07:31, 16 July 2024
  • included both 1200 mm and 600 mm separators. Tarmiya was the site of the 20 calutrons used to enrich uranium to 35%, located in two buildings at the site. This...
    5 KB (754 words) - 04:47, 6 October 2021
  • Thumbnail for Project Y
    Project on 23 September 1942. He visited Berkeley to look at Lawrence's calutrons, and met with Oppenheimer, who gave him a report on bomb design on 8 October...
    129 KB (16,870 words) - 07:21, 27 May 2024
  • Thumbnail for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    electromagnetic enrichment of uranium using their experience with cyclotrons. The calutrons (named after the University) became the basic unit of the massive Y-12...
    67 KB (6,132 words) - 17:49, 7 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Field coil
    to build the first atomic bomb used electromagnetic devices known as calutrons to enrich uranium. Thousands of tons of silver were borrowed from the...
    9 KB (1,087 words) - 15:33, 6 July 2024
  • Thompson-Houston Amtrak, from American and track Bapes, from bathing and ape Calutron, from California University Cyclotron Citizendium, from Citizens' Compendium...
    41 KB (3,693 words) - 23:41, 8 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for Gaseous diffusion
    product of which was around 23% 235U. Finally, this material was fed into calutrons at the Y-12. These machines (a type of mass spectrometer) employed electromagnetic...
    18 KB (2,010 words) - 02:53, 26 June 2024
  • Thumbnail for Nuclear weapon design
    The Y-12 plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where mass spectrometers called calutrons had enriched uranium for the Manhattan Project, was redesigned to make...
    123 KB (16,143 words) - 08:11, 4 August 2024
  • Thumbnail for American women in World War II
    more women, including the “Calutron Girls”, who worked at Y-12 at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory monitoring the Calutron. More than 60,000 Army nurses...
    39 KB (4,513 words) - 15:20, 31 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for B Reactor
    uranium enrichment plant required 14,700 tons of silver for its enrichment calutrons, as well as 22,000 employees and more electrical power than most entire...
    23 KB (2,114 words) - 03:00, 21 August 2023
  • clone), and convince him to go to Falcon's Edge, supposedly to photograph a calutron left over from the Soviet era, over fears that Drake is trying to activate...
    169 KB (27,027 words) - 01:33, 31 July 2024
  • Thumbnail for Robert R. Wilson
    an alternative approach to electromagnetic separation from Lawrence's calutron method, used for the purpose of separating the fissile uranium-235 isotope...
    26 KB (2,826 words) - 06:09, 9 May 2024