physics and particle physics, isospin (I) is a quantum number related to the up- and down quark content of the particle. Isospin is also known as isobaric...

with zero weak isospin do not. Weak isospin is a construct parallel to the idea of isospin under the strong interaction. Weak isospin is usually given...

quarks. Under the isospin model, they were considered to be a single particle in different charged states. The mathematics of isospin was modeled after...

symmetry relating the proton and neutron is known as isospin and denoted I (or sometimes T). Isospin is an SU(2) symmetry, like ordinary spin, so is completely...

In particle physics, isospin multiplets are families of hadrons with approximately equal masses. All particles within a multiplet, have the same spin...

interaction, weak isospin is conserved: The sum of the weak isospin numbers of the particles entering the interaction equals the sum of the weak isospin numbers...

particle, but in different isospin states. The mathematics of isospin was modeled after the mathematics of spin. Isospin projections varied in increments...

quantum number relating the electric charge and the third component of weak isospin. It is frequently denoted Y W {\displaystyle Y_{\mathsf {W}}} and corresponds...

hypercharge provides a single charge operator that accounts for properties of isospin, electric charge, and flavour. The hypercharge is useful to classify hadrons;...

level of the whole atom. Analogously, the five flavour quantum numbers (isospin, strangeness, charm, bottomness or topness) can characterize the quantum...

not only electric charge, but also charges such as color charge and weak isospin. Because of a phenomenon known as color confinement, a hadron cannot have...

weak isospin SU(2) transformations the left-handed particles are weak-isospin doublets, whereas the right-handed are singlets – i.e. the weak isospin of...

without changing the dynamics of the system. These fields are the weak isospin fields W1, W2, and W3, and the weak hypercharge field B. This invariance...

as two states of the same nucleon, and together form an isospin doublet (I = ⁠1/2⁠). In isospin space, neutrons can be transformed into protons and conversely...

flavor symmetry. This classification scheme organized the hadrons into isospin multiplets, but the physical basis behind it was still unclear. In 1964...

quarks each. The isospin analogy also applies to quarks, and is the source of the names up (as in "isospin up") and down (as in "isospin down") for the...

the operator associated with the 2nd component of the isospin "vector", which in case of isospin I = 1 / 2 {\displaystyle I=1/2} takes the form I ^ 2 =...

⁠, where T 3 {\displaystyle T_{3}} is the third component of the weak isospin of the fermion (the "charge" for the weak force), Q {\displaystyle Q} is...

distinguished from neutrinos by having opposite-signed lepton number and weak isospin, and right-handed instead of left-handed chirality. To conserve total lepton...

Together, the pions form a triplet of isospin. Each pion has overall isospin (I = 1) and third-component isospin equal to its charge (Iz = +1, 0, −1)....

different from a neutral sigma baryon, Σ0 ). They are thus baryons, with total isospin of 0, and have either neutral electric charge or the elementary charge...

representation (T = ⁠ 1 /2⁠) of the weak isospin SU(2) gauge symmetry. This means that these particles are eigenstates of the isospin projection T3 with eigenvalues...

This means that sparticle–particle pairs have the same color charge, weak isospin charge, and hypercharge (and consequently electric charge). Unbroken supersymmetry...

electrically charged components that form a complex doublet of the weak isospin SU(2) symmetry. Its "sombrero potential" leads it to take a nonzero value...

particular, since χ ∈ L has weak isospin ⁠1/2⁠ like the Higgs field H, and η {\displaystyle \eta } has weak isospin 0, the mass parameter M can be generated...

Of these, glueballs must be flavor singlets – that is, must have zero isospin, strangeness, charm, bottomness, and topness. Like all particle states...

initial model of proton-neutron binding in 1932, Eugene Wigner introduced isospin in 1937, the first 'internal' quantum number unrelated to a symmetry in...

The pattern of weak isospin, W, weaker isospin, W', strong g3 and g8, and baryon minus lepton, B, charges for particles in the SO(10) model, rotated to...

particle, but with different isospin quantum numbers; conventionally, the proton is isospin up, while the neutron is isospin down. The strong force is invariant...

leptons involved, following the convention in use for the sign of weak isospin and the sign of strangeness quantum number (for quarks), both of which...