A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath...

time, an undifferentiated soil will evolve a soil profile that consists of two or more layers, referred to as soil horizons. These differ in one or more...

major differences in the genesis of soils. The orders are: Alfisol – soils with aluminium and iron. They have horizons of clay accumulation, and form where...

plowing up an apparent under-layer of ash (leached or E horizon) during first plowing of a virgin soil of that type. Podzols can occur on almost any parent...

destroy order (anisotropy) within soils. These alterations lead to the development of layers, termed soil horizons, distinguished by differences in color...

woodland or other spontaneous source for use as a soil conditioner. It is also used to describe a topsoil horizon that contains organic matter (humus type, humus...

diagnostic soil horizon of the USDA soil taxonomy that is cemented by illuvial silica into a subsurface hardpan. Similar to a fragipan, Petrocalcic Horizon and...

geological or soil horizons is called eluviation or leaching. There is a difference in the usage of this term in geology and soil science. In soil science,...

of soil horizon designations, a solum consists of A, E, and B horizons and their transitional horizons and some O horizons. Included are horizons with...

meet. Horizon or The Horizon may also refer to: Horizon (1932 film), a Soviet film The Horizon (film), a 1961 Soviet film Horizon (1971 film), a Hungarian...

Cambic horizon (Latin: Cambiare, to change) is a diagnostic sub-surface horizon of a soil experiencing pedogenic change. Development is minimal and it...

A soil type is a taxonomic unit in soil science. All soils that share a certain set of well-defined properties form a distinctive soil type. Soil type...

with it ions deeper into the lower soil horizons, causing the soil to become more oxidized in other soil horizons. Water also will go from a higher water...

subsoil is labeled the B Horizon in most soil mapping systems. Because it has less organic matter than topsoil, subsoil soil colour is mainly derived...

of soil are typically performed in the field on a soil profile containing multiple horizons. Along with soil formation and soil classification, soil morphology...

the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing some vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. (A soil with no B horizon is...

for each soil horizon or layer, and data on chemical compositions and physical features. The museum displays examples of the main (32) WRB Soil Reference...

The umbric horizon (Latin: umbra, shade) is a thick, dark coloured, surface soil horizon rich in organic matter. It is identified by its dark colour and...

A soil scientist is a contributor to soil science. Soil scientists include agrologists, pedologists and soil classifiers. The following is a list of notable...

well-drained fertile soils with a pH of between 5.0 and 6.5. Soils generally have three horizons: the A, B and C horizon. Horizon A is usually a brownish...

Entisols are soils, as defined under USDA soil taxonomy, that do not show any profile development other than an A-horizon (or “A” horizon). Entisols have...

litter transmits nutrients from plants to the soil. The plant litter of the forest floor (or L horizon) prevents erosion, conserves moisture, and provides...

(/ˈtʃɜːrnəzɛm/ CHUR-nə-zem), also called black soil, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus (4% to...

waterlogging); Topsoil or horizon O is with sufficient soil organic matter for healthy soil structure and soil moisture retention; Soil pH in the range 5.5...

Soil erosion is the denudation or wearing away of the upper layer of soil. It is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic...

constituent nutrients are added to the top layer of soil, commonly known as the litter layer or O horizon ("O" for "organic"). Litter is an important factor...

Pedoturbation (from Greek: πέδον (pédon), "soil") involves mixing between soil horizons and is an important factor in soil formation. Pedoturbation includes churning...

Australia for soils with contrasting texture between soil horizons, although such soils are found in other parts of the world. Duplex soils are also termed...

hardsetting since a hardsetting horizon is thicker than a crust. (In cultivated soils the thickness of the hardsetting horizon is frequently equal to or greater...

Vegetation-induced Soil sediment Soil matrix pore space permeability morphology texture value color Catena Soil horizon Humus Humin Soil salinity Hydropedology...