In organic chemistry, an aryl halide (also known as haloarene) is an aromatic compound in which one or more hydrogen atoms, directly bonded to an aromatic...

form a carbon–carbon bond between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or vinyl halide. R1: aryl or vinyl R2: arbitrary X: I, Br, Cl or OTf The Sonogashira cross-coupling...

well for aryl halides (e.g. bromobenzene, see Ullmann condensation below). Likewise, this method only gives the best yields for primary halides. Secondary...

is reacted with an organic halide to form a new carbon-carbon bond, concomitant with loss of CO2. Aryl and alkyl halides participate. Metal catalyst...

a comparatively easy method to make aryl halides as the gaseous product can be separated easily from aryl halide. When an iodide is to be made, copper...

phthalimide. Aryl halides are much less reactive toward amines and for that reason are more controllable. A popular way to prepare aryl amines is the...

bonds via the palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of amines with aryl halides. Although Pd-catalyzed C–N couplings were reported as early as 1983,...

The Wurtz–Fittig reaction is the chemical reaction of an aryl halide, alkyl halides, and sodium metal to give substituted aromatic compounds. Following...

reagent would attack the ester group over the aryl halide. For the coupling of aryl halides with aryl Grignard reagents, nickel chloride in tetrahydrofuran...

reagents can be used for the Suzuki coupling, e.g., aryl or vinyl boronic acids and aryl or vinyl halides. Work has also extended the scope of the reaction...

between a copper(I) acetylide and an aryl halide in pyridine, forming a disubstituted alkyne and a copper(I) halide. The reaction was described in 1963...

reaction is the copper-promoted conversion of aryl halides to aryl ethers, aryl thioethers, aryl nitriles, and aryl amines. These reactions are examples of...

alkyl halides, aryl halides and vinyl halides do not react. There are notable exceptions to this trend, including 1,2-dichloroethene and trityl halides. Some...

The Sandmeyer reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts using copper salts as reagents or catalysts. It...

Braun synthesis is an organic reaction in which an aryl halide reacts with cuprous cyanide to yield an aryl nitrile. The reaction was named after Karl Wilhelm...

reaction that replaces an alkyl or aryl halide with a formyl group using a N,N-disubstituted formamide. For primary alkyl halides this produces the homologous...

aryl halide 1 accepts an electron from a radical initiator forming a radical anion 2. This intermediate collapses into an aryl radical 3 and a halide...

1-Bromo-4-iodobenzene is a mixed aryl halide (aryl bromide and aryl iodide) with the formula BrC6H4I. In one laboratory route to 1-bromo-4-iodobenzene...

involving aryl chlorides and aryl tosylates. Both palladium and copper complexes of the compound exhibit high activity for the coupling of aryl halides and...

to achieve high selectivity for cross product. For example, aryl halide and alkyl halide can be differentiated by the reactivity trends of two electrophiles...

retention of subtrate’s configuration. Organocopper compounds couple with aryl halides (see Ullmann condensation and Ullmann reaction): ArX + ( Ar ′ ) 2 CuLi...

carbonate, and sodium acetate. The aryl electrophile can be a halide (Br, Cl) or a triflate as well as benzyl or vinyl halides. The alkene must contain at least...

2-dichloroethane. Traditionally, aryl amination is difficult reaction which usually requires "activated" aryl halides, such as those with strong electron-withdrawing...

exchange is frequently used to prepare vinyl-, aryl- and primary alkyllithium reagents. Vinyl halides usually undergo lithium–halogen exchange with retention...

to slow reactions. The organic residue R = alkenyl, aryl, allyl, alkynyl or propargyl. The halide X' in the organozinc compound can be chloride, bromine...

Bromochlorobenzenes are mixed aryl halides (aryl chloride and aryl bromide) consisting bromine and chlorine as substituents on a benzene ring. All three...

solvent. Aryl methane-sulfonates are deprotected and then followed by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) with activated aryl halides. As a base...

introduced. The classical Ullmann reaction is limited to electron deficient aryl halides (hence the example of 2-nitrophenyl chloride above) and requires harsh...

4-Fluorobromobenzene is a mixed aryl halide (aryl fluoride and aryl bromide) with the formula C6H4BrF. It is a derivative of benzene, with a bromine atom...

Br. The compound is a colorless oil. It is a standard electron-rich aryl halide substrate for cross coupling reactions. With magnesium it reacts to give...