The covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism refers to ways of writing the laws of classical electromagnetism (in particular, Maxwell's equations...

transform of A {\displaystyle A} can thus be written as A ⇒ A + d α {\displaystyle A\Rightarrow A+d\alpha } . Four-vector Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism...

Maxwell's theory with a differential form approach. Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism Special relativity Liénard–Wiechert potential Moving...

role in QED. Classification of electromagnetic fields Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism Electromagnetic stress–energy tensor Gluon field...

theory of special relativity plays an important role in the modern theory of classical electromagnetism. It gives formulas for how electromagnetic objects...

and Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism.) Today few problems in electromagnetism remain unsolved. These include: the lack of magnetic monopoles...

Classical electromagnetism or classical electrodynamics is a branch of theoretical physics that studies the interactions between electric charges and currents...

the electromagnetic wave equation Larmor formula Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime Abraham–Lorentz...

density. Ricci calculus Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field Maxwell's equations...

electroweak interactions. Four-vector Noether's theorem Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism Ricci calculus Rindler, Wolfgang (1991). Introduction...

set of coupled partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics...

describe electromagnetism and gravitation, two of the fundamental forces of nature. A physical field can be thought of as the assignment of a physical...

specifically in electromagnetism, the Lorentz force law is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields. The...

applied magnetic field. In the macroscopic formulation of electromagnetism, there appear two different kinds of magnetic field: the magnetizing field H which...

equation Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism Theoretical motivation for general...

generally covariant fashion takes the same mathematical form in all coordinate systems, and is usually expressed in terms of tensor fields. The classical (non-quantum)...

Classification of electromagnetic fields Electric field Electromagnetism Electromagnetic propagation Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic spectrum Electromagnetic...

and electromagnetic radiant energy. Classically, electromagnetic radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric...

amount of charge (or current) found at that potential: potential times charge (or current). (See Classical electromagnetism and Covariant formulation of classical...

seemed incapable of expressing the properties of the electromagnetic field. Einstein was not alone in his attempts to unify electromagnetism and gravity;...

the Maxwell–Faraday equation, one of the four Maxwell equations in his theory of electromagnetism. Electromagnetic induction has found many applications...

list of numbers that transforms oppositely to a change of basis, and a covariant vector is a list of numbers that transforms in the same way. Contravariant...

In classical electromagnetism, Ampère's circuital law (not to be confused with Ampère's force law) relates the circulation of a magnetic field around a...

formulation is a description in quantum mechanics that generalizes the stationary action principle of classical mechanics. It replaces the classical notion...

Classical electromagnetism and special relativity History of electromagnetism List of textbooks on classical mechanics and quantum mechanics List of textbooks...

Encyclopedia Americana: a library of universal knowledge, 1918. "A Brief History of Electromagnetism" (PDF). "Electromagnetism". Smithsonian Institution Archives...

In classical electromagnetism, reciprocity refers to a variety of related theorems involving the interchange of time-harmonic electric current densities...

called a covariant transformation law, because the covector components transform by the same matrix as the change of basis matrix. The components of a more...

Uniform theory of diffraction Shooting and bouncing rays List of textbooks in electromagnetism David B. Davidson, Computational Electromagnetics for RF and...

above, each particle has its own set of position coordinates to define its position. In the covariant formulation, time is placed on equal footing with...