Global surface temperature (GST) is the average temperature of Earth's surface. More precisely, it is the weighted average of the temperatures over the...

surface of the Earth Sea surface temperature, the temperature of water close to the ocean's surface Global surface temperature, the combined global average...

Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the temperature of ocean water close to the surface. The exact meaning of surface varies in...

Present-day climate change includes both global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its wider effects on Earth's climate. Climate...

base period. Records of global average surface temperature are usually presented as anomalies rather than as absolute temperatures. Using reference values...

is often used for Mean Annual Air Temperature of a geographical location. The temperature of the air near the surface of the Earth is measured at meteorological...

The ocean temperature plays a crucial role in the global climate system, ocean currents and for marine habitats. It varies depending on depth, geographical...

change. Global warming may also refer to: a long-term rise in: global surface temperature ocean heat content ocean temperature sea surface temperature Earth's...

scientific literature, there is a very strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused...

Satellite temperature measurements are inferences of the temperature of the atmosphere at various altitudes as well as sea and land surface temperatures obtained...

20 July 2011. "GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4)". NASA. Retrieved 12 January 2024. "Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change". NASA. Archived...

can be obtained only with an open Drake Passage. Regarding the global surface temperature, an open (and sufficiently deep) Drake Passage cools the Southern...

a result, global warming of about 1.2 °C (2.2 °F) has occurred since the Industrial Revolution, with the global average surface temperature increasing...

establish a global control system that regulates Earth's surface temperature, atmosphere composition and ocean salinity, powered by the global thermodynamic...

Hockey stick graphs present the global or hemispherical mean temperature record of the past 500 to 2000 years as shown by quantitative climate reconstructions...

conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) above the ground, and shielded from direct sunlight. Global surface temperatures as a whole...

major concerns of the climate change skeptics, in particular the global surface temperature record. In 2016, Richard and Elizabeth Muller co-founded Deep...

resonances are global electromagnetic resonances, generated and excited by lightning discharges in the cavity formed by the Earth's surface and the ionosphere...

change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such 15-year periods appear in the surface temperature record...

This has led to increases in mean global temperature, or global warming. The likely range of human-induced surface-level air warming by 2010–2019 compared...

conjunction with the modern instrumental temperature record which only covers the last 170 years at a global scale. Large-scale reconstructions covering...

2010, Hansen published a paper entitled "Global Surface Temperature Change" describing current global temperature analysis. Hansen has also contributed toward...

or globally 0.90±0.15 W/m2. It takes time for any changes in the energy budget to result in any significant changes in the global surface temperature. This...

due to orbital changes or stellar evolution, to determine the global surface temperature. Additionally, the carbonate-silicate cycle has been considered...

equilibrium temperature differs from the global mean temperature and surface air temperature, which are measured observationally by satellites or surface-based...

of electromagnetic radiation. Effective temperature is often used as an estimate of a body's surface temperature when the body's emissivity curve (as a...

Global warming affects all parts of Earth's climate system. Global surface temperatures have risen by 1.1 °C (2.0 °F). Scientists say they will rise...

2021. The Paris Agreement has a long-term temperature goal which is to keep the rise in global surface temperature to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) above pre-industrial...

local and global temperature increases associated with global warming. In order to measure the cooling power of a passive radiative cooling surface, both...

Fund. Retrieved 7 December 2009. Change, NASA Global Climate. "Global Surface Temperature | NASA Global Climate Change". Climate Change: Vital Signs of...