In the study of past climates ("paleoclimatology"), climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological...

Look up proxy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Proxy may refer to: Proxy, a mysterious humanoid lifeform in the anime Ergo Proxy PROXY, a holodroid...

temperature record of the last 2,000 years is reconstructed using data from climate proxy records in conjunction with the modern instrumental temperature record...

Frost lists several examples of proxy variables: Instrumental variable Latent variable Operationalization Proxy (climate) Upton, G., Cook, I. (2002) Oxford...

late 20th century in a limited set of regions. Climate information for that period comes from climate proxies, such as trees and ice cores. Around 1850 thermometer...

ancient climate is important to understand natural variation and the evolution of the current climate. Paleoclimatology uses a variety of proxy methods...

This is a list of proxy wars. Major powers have been highlighted in bold. A proxy war is defined as "a war fought between groups of smaller countries...

the past 500 to 2000 years as shown by quantitative climate reconstructions based on climate proxy records. These reconstructions have consistently shown...

completed in a similar, albeit usually more complex, manner. As detailed in proxy (climate), borehole temperature measurements at a series of different depths...

Connection with Steven H. Yaskell. The book treats historical and proxy records of climate change coinciding with the Maunder Minimum, a period from 1645...

very few direct observations of climate were available before the 19th century, paleoclimates are inferred from proxy variables. They include non-biotic...

estimates in the likely range agreed better with observations and the proxy climate data. The 2013 IPCC Fifth Assessment Report reverted to the earlier...

North Atlantic region that lasted from about 950 CE to about 1250 CE. Climate proxy records show peak warmth occurred at different times for different regions...

Proxy (climate) Timeline of glaciation Medley, S. Elizabeth (2011). "High Resolution Climate Variability from Marine Isotope Stage 5: a Multi-Proxy Record...

Baliunas controversy involved the publication in 2003 of a review study titled Proxy climatic and environmental changes of the past 1000 years, written by aerospace...

first few meters of sediment, they provided sufficient varves to give proxy climate data for up to 14,570 years BP. A team of scientists headed by palaeontologist...

direct observations; composites from baskets of different proxy observations; and numerical climate models. On millennial timescales, paleoclimate indicators...

information about the temperature at which the sample was formed - see Proxy (climate) for details. 18O is two neutrons heavier than 16O and causes the water...

tracing past changes in climate at the lake, by examining trapped pollen grains and the types of sediments [see Proxy (climate)]. When the layers do mix...

disappearance of the ice. Long series of lake-ice observations can serve as a proxy climate record, and the monitoring of freeze-up and break-up trends may provide...

Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the UN process for negotiating an agreement to limit dangerous climate change. It is an international...

Instrumental temperature records do not use indirect reconstructions using climate proxy data such as from tree rings and marine sediments. The period for which...

Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an...

other climate proxy records), scientists have estimated past regional and global climates. Tree rings are especially useful as climate proxies in that...

Paleoclimatology is the study of changes in climate through the entire history of Earth. It uses a variety of proxy methods from the Earth and life sciences...

Linden; Dai; Maskell; Johnson (2001). "2.3.2.2 Multi-proxy synthesis of recent temperature change". Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Archived from...

natural-scientific proxy evidence independently but consistently shows that during the period of the Roman Empire's maximum expansion and final crisis, the climate underwent...

reconstruct climate variation at the site. Combined with stratigraphy, material cultural and textual evidence, and the radiocarbon dating, the proxy climate data...

circulation (AMOC).: 1148  This is consistent with climate model simulations, as well as a range of proxy evidence, such as the decreased ventilation (exposure...

community, as well as the rehabilitation of historical observational and proxy climate data sets. OOPC, co-sponsored by GOOS, as well as GCOS and WCRP, is...