A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath...

time, an undifferentiated soil will evolve a soil profile that consists of two or more layers, referred to as soil horizons. These differ in one or more...

plowing up an apparent under-layer of ash (leached or E horizon) during first plowing of a virgin soil of that type. Podzols can occur on almost any parent...

major differences in the genesis of soils. The orders are: Alfisol – soils with aluminium and iron. They have horizons of clay accumulation, and form where...

destroy order (anisotropy) within soils. These alterations lead to the development of layers, termed soil horizons, distinguished by differences in color...

woodland or other spontaneous source for use as a soil conditioner. It is also used to describe a topsoil horizon that contains organic matter (humus type, humus...

meet. Horizon or The Horizon may also refer to: Horizon (1932 film), a Soviet film The Horizon (film), a 1961 Soviet film Horizon (1971 film), a Hungarian...

geological or soil horizons is called eluviation or leaching. There is a difference in the usage of this term in geology and soil science. In soil science,...

of soil horizon designations, a solum consists of A, E, and B horizons and their transitional horizons and some O horizons. Included are horizons with...

diagnostic soil horizon of the USDA soil taxonomy that is cemented by illuvial silica into a subsurface hardpan. Similar to a fragipan, Petrocalcic Horizon and...

A soil type is a taxonomic unit in soil science. All soils that share a certain set of well-defined properties form a distinctive soil type. Soil type...

with it ions deeper into the lower soil horizons, causing the soil to become more oxidized in other soil horizons. Water also will go from a higher water...

subsoil is labeled the B Horizon in most soil mapping systems. Because it has less organic matter than topsoil, subsoil soil colour is mainly derived...

the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing some vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. (A soil with no B horizon is...

Entisols are soils, as defined under USDA soil taxonomy, that do not show any profile development other than an A-horizon (or “A” horizon). Entisols have...

Cambic horizon (Latin: Cambiare, to change) is a diagnostic sub-surface horizon of a soil experiencing pedogenic change. Development is minimal and it...

of soil are typically performed in the field on a soil profile containing multiple horizons. Along with soil formation and soil classification, soil morphology...

well-drained fertile soils with a pH of between 5.0 and 6.5. Soils generally have three horizons: the A, B and C horizon. Horizon A is usually a brownish...

Soil erosion is the denudation or wearing away of the upper layer of soil. It is a form of soil degradation. This natural process is caused by the dynamic...

waterlogging); Topsoil or horizon O is with sufficient soil organic matter for healthy soil structure and soil moisture retention; Soil pH in the range 5.5...

of evolution of soils have very variable durations, between tens, hundreds, or thousands of years for quickly evolving soils (A horizon only) to more than...

have a B horizon and more commonly have an A horizon and/or O horizon resting on the permafrost. Because soil organic matter accumulates in the upper layer...

constituent nutrients are added to the top layer of soil, commonly known as the litter layer or O horizon ("O" for "organic"). Litter is an important factor...

A soil scientist is a contributor to soil science. Soil scientists include agrologists, pedologists and soil classifiers. The following is a list of notable...

litter transmits nutrients from plants to the soil. The plant litter of the forest floor (or L horizon) prevents erosion, conserves moisture, and provides...

(/ˈtʃɜːrnəzɛm/ CHUR-nə-zem), also called black soil, regur soil or black cotton soil, is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus (4% to...

Australia for soils with contrasting texture between soil horizons, although such soils are found in other parts of the world. Duplex soils are also termed...

The umbric horizon (Latin: umbra, shade) is a thick, dark coloured, surface soil horizon rich in organic matter. It is identified by its dark colour and...

distinctive soil horizons classified as "B horizons" or "zones of illuviation". When percolating rain water reaches a drier soil horizon, water from the...

structures which are buried in soil. These properties vary through the depth of a soil profile, i.e. through soil horizons. Most of these properties determine...