The three main growth forms Lichens are symbiotic organisms made up of multiple species: a fungus, one or more photobionts (an alga and/or a cyanobacteria)...

Common lichen growth forms A lichen (/ˈlaɪkən/ LY-kən, UK also /ˈlɪtʃən/ LITCH-ən) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among...

general, lichens do not grow very quickly. Annual growth rates vary among different growth forms. Crustose lichens have the lowest rates of growth. The diameter...

substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lower surfaces, each of which...

A fruticose lichen is a form of lichen fungi that is characterized by a coral-like shrubby or bushy growth structure. It is formed from a symbiotic relationship...

Lichen morphology describes the external appearance and structures of a lichen. These can vary considerably from species to species. Lichen growth forms...

species of lichen-forming fungi. It forms a red color when stained with iodine. lichenometry A dating technique that measures crustose lichen growth to estimate...

The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to lichens. Lichen – composite organism made up of multiple species – a fungal partner...

known as reindeer cup lichen, reindeer lichen (cf. Sw. renlav) or grey reindeer lichen, is a light-coloured fruticose, cup lichen species in the family...

collaboration, including the fungus/alga partnership of different species in a lichen, or the permanent sexual partnership of an anglerfish, as an organism. The...

of the eyes. Lichen planus lesions can occur in many different forms or morphologies: Papular Papular form is the classic cutaneous lichen planus (CLP)...

tinctoria It is used to make litmus, a mixture of several organic compounds. Lichen has been used for centuries to make dyes. This includes royal purple colors...

and the ability to develop separate cyanobacterial growth forms under certain conditions. The lichen's southern distribution limits are determined primarily...

Lichen anatomy and physiology is very different from the anatomy and physiology of the fungus and/or algae and/or cyanobacteria that make up the lichen...

another form of lichen identification test. Lichenologists may also study the growth and growth rate of lichens, lichenometry, the role of lichens in nutrient...

affecting people with sarcoidosis Ulcerative lichen planus, a rare variant of lichen planus Ulcerative colitis, a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ulcerative...

squamules), cup-bearing lichens. The Cladina morpho-types are often referred to as forage lichens, mat-forming lichens, or reindeer lichens (due to their importance...

Devergie's disease. Dr. W.A.D. Griffiths, from Great Britain, classified six forms of PRP in the early 1980s. At this time, the causes of PRP are still unknown...

reclassified as varieties or forms of other taxa. It is commonly known as the "sulfur lichen". Gyalolechia bracteata forms a crust-like growth (thallus) on soil...

ciliaris, commonly known as the great ciliated lichen or eagle's claws, is a species of fruticose lichen in the family Physciaceae. It is predominantly...

Theophrastus, 350 BC, Humboldt, 1806; 2. Growth-forms sensu stricto: based upon the shoot architecture; 3. Periodicity life-forms: based upon the seasonal physiognomic...

of lichen are able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. This process relies on the presence of cyanobacteria as a partner species within the lichen. The...

Ramalina menziesii, the lace lichen or fishnet, is a pale yellowish-green to grayish-green fruticose lichen. It grows up to a meter long, hanging from...

referred to as shrubby cup lichen or green reindeer lichen, is a species of cup lichen in the family Cladoniaceae. The lichen is composed of two thalli;...

Parmelia sulcata, commonly known as the hammered shield lichen or cracked-shield lichen, is a foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. First described by Thomas...

An old-growth forest (also referred to as primary forest) is a forest that has developed over a long period of time without disturbance. Due to this, old-growth...

Usnea filipendula, the fishbone beard lichen, is a pale gray-green fruticose lichen with a pendant growth form, growing in up to 20 cm many-branching tassels...

Lobaria pulmonaria is a large epiphytic lichen consisting of an ascomycete fungus and a green algal partner living together in a symbiotic relationship...

Acarospora socialis (bright cobblestone lichen) is a usually bright yellow areolate to squamulose crustose lichen in the family Acarosporaceae that grows...

scaly dog pelt lichen, is a foliose lichen native to North America, Europe, and Asia. It is defined by small belly-button-like growths called phyllidia...