Valproate (valproic acid, VPA, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms) are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder...

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In humans, GBL acts as a prodrug for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and is often used as a recreational drug. GHB acts as a central nervous...

2-dimethylpropanoic acid) 3-Methylbutanoic acid, also called isovaleric acid Valproic acid Merck Index, 13th Edition, 2001, page 1764. Sigma-Aldrich. "Valeric acid". Retrieved...

endogeneous GHB production in those taking valproic acid will be inhibited via inhibition of the conversion from succinic acid semialdehyde to GHB. People with...

anxiolytic and sedative effects; PAM of the GABAA receptor Valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid) – anticonvulsant/mood stabilizer; inhibitor of HDAC, SSADH...

List of adverse effects of valproic acid by frequency: Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Headache Low platelet count (dose-related) Tremor (dose-related) Hair...

valproate syndrome (FVS), is a rare disease caused by prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a medication commonly used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder...

acid are precursors to lubricants. Pelargonic acid may be more potent than valproic acid in treating seizures. Moreover, in contrast to valproic acid...

norepinephrine, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. Levosulpiride is a substituted benzamide derivative and...

indicating that valproic acid is taken up into the brain via a transport system for medium-chain fatty acids, not short-chain fatty acids. ... Based on...

HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH. It is a colorless viscous liquid first synthesized in 1890 via acidic hydrolysis of N,N'-dinitro-1,4-butanediamine by Dutch chemist Pieter Johannes...

(competitive inhibitors of 4-aminobenzoic acid in the reactions of dihydropteroate synthetase). Valproic acid, one of the most commonly prescribed epilepsy...

derivative of valproic acid used in the treatment of epilepsy and some affective disorders. It is rapidly metabolised (80%) to valproic acid (another anticonvulsant)...

2-Methyl-3-pentenoic acid. Some esters are berry fruit flavors. 2-Propyl-trans-2-pentenoic acid (2-en-valproic acid), major metabolite of anticonvulsant valproic acid....

γ-crotonolactone (GCL), as it is formally the lactone derived from γ-hydroxyisocrotonic acid. The chemical is colloquially called "butenolide", and is the parent structure...

3-Chloropropanoic acid (also known as 3-chloropropionic acid or UMB66) is the organic compound with the formula ClCH2CH2CO2H. A white or colorless solid...

medicine is infused. It can significantly reduce the concentrations of valproic acid, an anti-seizure medication, in the blood to the point where it loses...

γ-Hydroxyvaleric acid (GHV), also known as 4-methyl-GHB, is a designer drug related to γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). It is sometimes seen on the grey market...

trans-4-Hydroxycrotonic acid (T-HCA), also known as γ-hydroxycrotonic acid (GHC), is an agent used in scientific research to study the GHB receptor. It...

benzoic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinic acid, and some β-lactam antibiotics may be transported by the MCT at the BBB.21 ... Uptake of valproic acid was reduced...

acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates. Diverse bile acids are synthesized in the liver. Bile acids...

phosphate co-enzyme. Aminooxyacetic acid Gabaculine Phenelzine Phenylethylidenehydrazine (PEH) Rosmarinic acid Valproic acid Vigabatrin "4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase...

Pyruvic acid Quercetin Salicylic acid Simvastatin Sodium valproate Valproic acid SMCTsTooltip Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters Benzoic acid BHB...

Pyruvic acid Quercetin Salicylic acid Simvastatin Sodium valproate Valproic acid SMCTsTooltip Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters Benzoic acid BHB...

psychiatric medications valproic acid sodium salt also known as valproate semisodium or (sodium valproate and valproic acid in 1:1 ratio) Children and...

sugars using acid catalysts. The resulting glucose can then be dehydrated via hydroxymethylfurfural to yield formic acid and levulinic acid, which cyclises...

4-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid (UMB68) is a tertiary alcohol, similar in structure to the drug GHB. The molecule has been synthesized and tested on animals...

withdrawal syndrome. Sodium oxybate is the sodium salt of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). The clinical trials for narcolepsy were conducted just as abuse of...

HOCPCA (3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid) is a compound with an affinity for the GHB receptor 39 times greater than that of GHB itself. T-HCA Wellendorph...

sodium ethoxide. 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) 1,6-Dioxecane-2,7-dione Aceburic acid gamma-Hydroxybutyraldehyde Umano RP, Hagi Y, Nakahara K, Shoji A, Shibamoto...