Amino acid replacement is a change from one amino acid to a different amino acid in a protein due to point mutation in the corresponding DNA sequence....

conservative replacement (also called a conservative mutation or a conservative substitution or a homologous replacement) is an amino acid replacement in a protein...

extension cyclization, and isosteric replacements within the amino acid backbone. Many non-proteinogenic amino acids are important: intermediates in biosynthesis...

secondary amino acids are amino acids which do not contain the amino group −NH2 but is rather a secondary amine (>NH). Secondary amino acids can be classified...

or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, both attached to...

or M) (/mɪˈθaɪəniːn/) is an essential amino acid in humans. As the precursor of other non-essential amino acids such as cysteine and taurine, versatile...

concept of the molecular clock, proposing that steady rates of amino acid replacement could be used to estimate the time since two organisms diverged...

known as a PAM — is the replacement of a single amino acid in the primary structure of a protein with another single amino acid, which is accepted by the...

A, C, G, and T in the case of DNA or the 20 "standard" proteinogenic amino acids in the case of proteins). Substitution models are used to calculate the...

links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA...

Taurine (/ˈtɔːriːn/), or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a non-proteinogenic naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid that is widely distributed in animal tissues...

mainstay of treatment for phenylketonuria and other amino acid disorders Dietary supplementation or replacement E.g., oral ingestion of cornstarch several times...

(abbreviated as Nle) is an amino acid with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(NH2)CO2H. A systematic name for this compound is 2-aminohexanoic acid. The compound is an...

into a sequence of amino acids making up a protein strand. Each group of three bases, called a codon, corresponds to a single amino acid, and there is a...

heating in cyclohexanone amino acids decarboxylate. In the related Hammick reaction, uncatalyzed decarboxylation of a picolinic acid gives a stable carbene...

to break down amino acids for energy. The amino group is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia. The rest of the amino acid is made up of...

of Cambridge discovered that the mutation was a single amino acid replacement of glutamic acid with lysine. Karna, Bibek; Jha, Suman K.; Al Zaabi, Eiman...

RNA nucleotides. AMP differs from inosinate by the replacement of IMP's carbon-6 carbonyl with an amino group. The interconversion of AMP and IMP occurs...

peptides, aspartame may hydrolyze (break down) into its constituent amino acids under conditions of elevated temperature or high pH. This makes aspartame...

been re-allocated to encode an amino acid that is not among the 22 common naturally-encoded proteinogenic amino acids. The key prerequisites to expand...

nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines). Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline. Inorganic derivatives...

phenylboronic acid as a reagent. Alpha-amino acids can be generated using the uncatalyzed reaction between alpha-ketoacids, amines, and phenylboronic acid. Heck-type...

whole DNA sequence. Changing one purine or pyrimidine may change the amino acid that the nucleotides code for. Point mutations may arise from spontaneous...

referred to as such, it is an amino acid. Solid anthranilic acid typically consists of both the amino-carboxylic acid and the zwitterionic ammonium carboxylate...

additional replacements were observed towards the C-terminal region of the protein (i.e., E1092K, H1101Y, and V1176F). A single amino acid replacement at the...

Polyaspartic acid (PASA) is a biodegradable, water-soluble condensation polymer based on the amino acid aspartic acid. It is a biodegradable replacement for water...

2007). "Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences...

Ibotenic acid or (S)-2-amino-2-(3-hydroxyisoxazol-5-yl)acetic acid, also referred to as ibotenate, is a chemical compound and psychoactive drug which...

codes for a different amino acid. It is a type of nonsynonymous substitution. Missense mutation refers to a change in one amino acid in a protein, arising...

hydrochloric acid. Julius Maggi produced acid-catalyzed hydrolyzed vegetable protein industrially for the first time in 1886. In 1906, Fischer found that amino acids...