particle physics, a vector boson is a boson whose spin equals one. Vector bosons that are also elementary particles are gauge bosons, the force carriers...

elementary bosons: One scalar boson (spin = 0) H0 Higgs boson – the particle that contributes to the phenomenon of mass via the Higgs mechanism Four vector bosons...

physics, the W and Z bosons are vector bosons that are together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons. These elementary...

The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation...

the Higgs boson has spin zero and the hypothetical graviton has a spin of 2. Therefore, all known gauge bosons are vector bosons. Gauge bosons are different...

A scalar boson is a boson whose spin equals zero. A boson is a particle whose wave function is symmetric under particle exchange and therefore follows...

series Vector boson, a boson with the spin quantum number equal to 1 Vector measure, a function defined on a family of sets and taking vector values satisfying...

the massless bosonic fields in string theory.) Scalar field theory Vector boson Vector-valued function Apostol, Tom (1969). Calculus. Vol. II (2nd ed.)...

56:151–81. Crowe, Michael J. (1967). A History of Vector Analysis : The Evolution of the Idea of a Vectorial System (reprint ed.). Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-67910-5...

meson θ meson List of mesons Vector meson dominance Vector boson Nichitiu, F. (November 2, 1995). "An Introduction to the Vector Meson" (PDF). Retrieved June...

et al. (2021). "GW190521 as a merger of Proca stars: A potential new vector Boson of 8.7×10−13 eV". Physical Review Letters. 126 (8): 081101. arXiv:2009...

necessarily, half-integer spin fermions) exchange integer-spin, force-carrying bosons. The fermions involved in such exchanges can be either elementary (e.g....

Higgs boson was a 40-year effort by physicists to prove the existence or non-existence of the Higgs boson, first theorised in the 1960s. The Higgs boson was...

in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, which is a solvable theory of composite bosons that exhibits dynamical spontaneous chiral symmetry when a 4-fermion coupling...

complex two dimensional vector space. Rotating the coordinates so that the second basis vector points in the direction of the Higgs boson makes the vacuum expectation...

Because the magnitude and direction of a force are both important, force is a vector quantity. The SI unit of force is the newton (N), and force is often represented...

the speed of light measured in vacuum. The photon belongs to the class of boson particles. As with other elementary particles, photons are best explained...

of a massive vector field. Hence, Goldstone's original scalar doublet, the massive spin-zero particle, was proposed as the Higgs boson, and is a key...

particles—twelve fermions and five bosons. As a consequence of flavor and color combinations and antimatter, the fermions and bosons are known to have 48 and 13...

{L}}_{g}} term describes the interaction between the three W vector bosons and the B vector boson, L g = − 1 4 W a μ ν W μ ν a − 1 4 B μ ν B μ ν , {\displaystyle...

acting as the exchange particle for the interaction. Gluons are massless vector bosons, thereby having a spin of 1. Through the strong interaction, gluons...

appears to propagate at the speed of light. The graviton must be a spin-2 boson because the source of gravitation is the stress–energy tensor, a second-order...

spin while bosons have integer spin. All the particles of the Standard Model have been experimentally observed, including the Higgs boson in 2012. Many...

four-dimensional spacetime. Momentum is a vector in three dimensions; similarly four-momentum is a four-vector in spacetime. The contravariant four-momentum...

quantities, such as weak isospin, weak hypercharge, or the vector coupling of a fermion to the Z boson (i.e. the coupling strength of weak neutral currents)...

massless bosons appear, corresponding to the remaining symmetry. This is called the Goldstone phenomenon and the bosons are called Goldstone bosons. The SU(Nf) × SU(Nf)...

through radiation of a Higgs by a produced virtual vector boson or annihilation of two such vector bosons. Pair production Creation and annihilation operators...

Particles with an integer spin (bosons) are not subject to the Pauli exclusion principle. Any number of identical bosons can occupy the same quantum state...

due to the viscous forces at the liquid–solid interface. Physics portal Boson Brillouin scattering Fracton Linear elasticity Mechanical wave Phonon scattering...

the proton–neutron and electron–antineutrino is mediated by a virtual W− boson, of which the Fermi theory is the low-energy effective field theory. According...