Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors...

system, in neurons using the channelrhodopsin-2(H134R)-eYFP mutant from Georg Nagel, which is the first mutant of channelrhodopsin-2 since its functional characterization...

pore of channelrhodopsin itself, through his teams' initial high-resolution crystal structures of cation and anion-conducting channelrhodopsins and through...

Anion-conducting channelrhodopsins are light-gated ion channels that open in response to light and let negatively charged ions (such as chloride) enter...

experimenter might express channelrhodopsin in each of these cells, by crossing the same GAL4 line with a channelrhodopsin reporter line. In the offspring...

study, although two naturally occurring examples, channelrhodopsin and anion-conducting channelrhodopsin, are currently known. Photoreceptor proteins, which...

(Neurospora ospin I); the green algal light-gated proton channel, Channelrhodopsin-1; Sensory rhodopsins from cyanobacteria. Light-activated rhodopsin/guanylyl...

available at that time. In 2021 an optogenetics application of the protein Channelrhodopsin in a human patient was reported with partial recovery of non-functional...

approximately 578 nm. Halorhodopsin also shares sequence similarity to channelrhodopsin, a light-gated ion channel. Halorhodopsin contains the essential light-isomerizable...

2000. A new 'wireless' approach uses light-gated ion channels such as channelrhodopsin to control the activity of genetically defined subsets of neurons in...

they are used by prokaryotes and by some algae (as a component of channelrhodopsins) and fungi, whereas animals use animal opsins, exclusively. No opsins...

Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. He is known for his discovery of channelrhodopsin, a type of ion channels regulated by light, thereby serving as a light...

essential component of microbial opsins such as bacteriorhodopsin, channelrhodopsin, and halorhodopsin, which are important in bacterial and archaeal anoxygenic...

Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings...

A light activated excitatory protein is expressed in select cells. Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a light activated cation channel, was the first bacterial...

2014, Boyden reported how the channelrhodopsin Chronos could respond extremely fast to light, and how the channelrhodopsin Chrimson responded to red light...

nuclear genome sequence of C. reinhardtii was published. Channelrhodopsin-1 and Channelrhodopsin-2, proteins that function as light-gated cation channels...

analogues of the retinal chromophore. Two archaebacterial-type rhodopsins, channelrhodopsin-1 and -2, were identified as phototaxis receptors in Chlamydomonas...

stabilize the receptor structure. Some seven-transmembrane helix proteins (channelrhodopsin) that resemble GPCRs may contain ion channels, within their protein...

their name suggests, they have two pores. Light-gated channels like channelrhodopsin are directly opened by photons. Mechanosensitive ion channels open...

striking features of Chlamydomonas is that it contains ion channels (channelrhodopsins) that are directly activated by light. Some regulatory systems of...

using eye-injected viral vectors for genes encoding the light-sensing channelrhodopsin protein ChrimsonR found in glowing algae, and light stimulation of...

Excitatory and Inhibitory Network GABA Actions in Mice Expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in GABAergic Neurons". The Journal of Neuroscience. 36 (22): 5961–73...

resolution. For example, blue light causes the light-gated ion channel channelrhodopsin to open, depolarizing the cell and producing a spike. When blue light...

using eye-injected viral vectors for genes encoding the light-sensing channelrhodopsin protein ChrimsonR found in glowing algae, and light stimulation of...

cryptomonads due to its ease of culture and sequenced genome. Two anion channelrhodopsins have also been isolated from Guillardia theta for neurobiological...

because the excitation wavelengths of GCaMP overlap with those of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Simultaneous use of red and green GECIs can provide two-color...

Glycine Receptor Calcium-activated chloride channel Anion-conducting channelrhodopsin Jentsch TJ, Stein V, Weinreich F, Zdebik AA (April 2002). "Molecular...

light that targets them. For instance, the technique can be applied to channelrhodopsin cation channels to initiate neuronal depolarization and eventually...

Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany for their discovery of channelrhodopsins, a family of light-activated ion channels. The discovery has greatly...