Vol. III (9th ed.). 1878. p. 231. Peters, John Punnett (1911). "Bagdad" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge...
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California Press. p. 1196. ISBN 978-0-520-20330-3. Malcolm, p. 83 avariz-i divaniye (Ottoman tax) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Britannica.com. Retrieved...
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