known gauge bosons are vector bosons. Gauge bosons are different from the other kinds of bosons: first, fundamental scalar bosons (the Higgs boson); second...
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gauge bosons had non-zero (rest) mass. Further, many promising solutions seemed to require the existence of extra particles known as Goldstone bosons...
241 KB (26,393 words) - 13:42, 23 September 2024
physics, the W and Z bosons are vector bosons that are together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons. These elementary...
40 KB (4,054 words) - 13:14, 22 September 2024
Standard Model (section Gauge bosons)
Model includes 4 kinds of gauge bosons of spin 1, with bosons being quantum particles containing an integer spin. The gauge bosons are defined as force carriers...
65 KB (7,428 words) - 08:10, 22 September 2024
of the gauge fields are called gauge bosons. If the symmetry group is non-commutative, then the gauge theory is referred to as non-abelian gauge theory...
47 KB (6,760 words) - 18:04, 26 August 2024
mass via the Higgs mechanism Four vector bosons (spin = 1) that act as force carriers. These are the gauge bosons: γ Photon – the force carrier of the...
10 KB (1,078 words) - 11:37, 6 September 2024
Electroweak interaction (redirect from B boson)
rise to the gauge bosons that mediate the electroweak interactions – the three W bosons of weak isospin (W1, W2, and W3), and the B boson of weak hypercharge...
23 KB (3,591 words) - 12:03, 8 July 2024
particle physics, a vector boson is a boson whose spin equals one. Vector bosons that are also elementary particles are gauge bosons, the force carriers of...
4 KB (388 words) - 18:04, 16 August 2024
Photon (category Gauge bosons)
vacuum, a photon has two possible polarization states. The photon is the gauge boson for electromagnetism,: 29–30 and therefore all other quantum numbers...
107 KB (11,674 words) - 18:18, 20 September 2024
In particle physics, W′ and Z′ bosons (or W-prime and Z-prime bosons) refer to hypothetical gauge bosons that arise from extensions of the electroweak...
17 KB (1,869 words) - 11:45, 5 January 2024
Higgs mechanism (redirect from Higgs boson field)
generation mechanism of the property "mass" for gauge bosons. Without the Higgs mechanism, all bosons (one of the two classes of particles, the other...
56 KB (6,713 words) - 16:31, 2 July 2024
particle and condensed matter physics, Goldstone bosons or Nambu–Goldstone bosons (NGBs) are bosons that appear necessarily in models exhibiting spontaneous...
27 KB (3,717 words) - 08:49, 12 June 2024
Elementary particle (section Higgs boson)
The hypothetical graviton has spin = 2; it is unknown whether it is a gauge boson as well. In the Standard Model, elementary particles are represented...
36 KB (3,518 words) - 21:12, 14 September 2024
Massless particle (section Standard Model gauge bosons)
known gauge bosons that are both believed to be massless; the other is the gluon (carrier of the strong force). The only other confirmed gauge bosons are...
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Quantum field theory (section Gauge symmetry)
polarized massive gauge boson becomes equal to the amplitude for emission or absorption of the Goldstone boson that was eaten by the gauge boson.: 743–744 In...
106 KB (14,889 words) - 23:05, 25 September 2024
the X and Y bosons (sometimes collectively called "X bosons": 437 ) are hypothetical elementary particles analogous to the W and Z bosons, but corresponding...
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Weak interaction (redirect from W boson exchange)
three composite bosons are the W+ , W− , and Z0 bosons actually observed in the weak interaction. The fourth electroweak gauge boson is the photon (γ)...
42 KB (4,611 words) - 18:06, 13 July 2024
Gluon (category Gauge bosons)
is a vector boson, which means it has a spin of 1. While massive spin-1 particles have three polarization states, massless gauge bosons like the gluon...
25 KB (2,632 words) - 07:59, 22 September 2024
catheters Gauge theory Gauge integral Gauge fixing Gauge boson Gauge (Minkowski functional) Gauge (knitting), the number of stitches in a given length Gauge (actress)...
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Particle physics (section Bosons)
fundamental interactions, using mediating gauge bosons. The species of gauge bosons are eight gluons, W− , W+ and Z bosons, and the photon. The Standard Model...
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Standard Model that address electroweak gauge symmetry breaking, the mechanism through which W and Z bosons acquire masses. Early technicolor theories...
75 KB (9,821 words) - 17:28, 23 June 2024
gauge freedom axes within the space of detailed configurations. This leads to the explicit appearance of forward and backward polarized gauge bosons in...
28 KB (4,271 words) - 00:13, 24 September 2024
altogether relativistic quantum field theory (QFT). Force particles, called gauge bosons—force carriers or messenger particles of underlying fields—interact with...
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which do not. The elementary bosons comprise the gauge bosons (photon, W and Z, gluons) with spin 1, while the Higgs boson is the only elementary particle...
34 KB (3,156 words) - 13:13, 23 July 2024
A graviton is a hypothetical gauge boson of a quantum theory of gravitation. Graviton may also refer to: Graviton (comics), a supervillain in Marvel Comics...
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Graviton (category Gauge bosons)
et al. (Particle Data Group) (2020). "Review of Particle Physics: Gauge and Higgs bosons" (PDF). Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. Archived...
21 KB (2,307 words) - 01:59, 25 September 2024
gauge field; when quantized, the gauge field becomes a gauge boson. The charges of the theory "radiate" the gauge field. Thus, for example, the gauge...
9 KB (1,248 words) - 12:59, 9 August 2024
Weak isospin (section Weak isospin and the W bosons)
unification, the W0 boson mixes with the weak hypercharge gauge boson B0 ; both have weak isospin = 0 . This results in the observed Z0 boson and the photon...
11 KB (1,111 words) - 13:32, 17 September 2024
force-mediating particles called gauge bosons. The nature of these particles is determined by the nature of the gauge transformations. The culmination...
31 KB (4,387 words) - 16:57, 4 September 2024
Ghost (physics) (section Goldstone bosons)
observable. Because this symmetry is gauged, the three would-be Goldstone bosons, or ghosts, are "eaten" by the three gauge bosons (W± and Z) corresponding to...
8 KB (927 words) - 13:00, 27 August 2024