engine's idling rotational speed (RPM). In carburetted vehicles a similar device known as an idle speed control actuator is used. The IAC actuator is an...

typically: Fuel injection system Ignition system Idle speed control (typically either via an idle air control valve or the electronic throttle system) Variable...

electronic controls, fuel metering, spark control, idle speed control, EGR, etc. currently planned through 1981." In 1990, the Clean Air Act (CAA) was...

Inputs Supply Voltage and Ground Digital inputs Analog inputs Outputs Actuator drivers (e.g. injectors, relays, valves) H bridge drivers for servomotors...

beneficial air swirl pattern, or turbulence in the combustion chamber. The swirling helps distribute the fuel and form a homogeneous air-fuel mixture...

the intake air to enter the system) must be large enough to ensure sufficient air is available to the engine under all conditions from idle to full throttle...

system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture...

may be controlled by a membrane vacuum actuator, electric servo, 3-phase electric actuation, hydraulic actuator, or pneumatic actuator using air brake...

Often found in turbocharged engines, intercoolers are also used in air compressors, air conditioners, refrigeration and gas turbines. Most commonly used...

which two turbochargers are used to compress the intake fuel/air mixture (or intake air, in the case of a direct-injection engine). The most common layout...

energy storage, delivering energy at higher rates than the source, controlling the orientation of a mechanical system using gyroscope and reaction wheel...

by directing boost pressure to the turbocharger's pneumatic wastegate actuator. To detect knock, a piezoelectric knock sensor (basically a microphone)...

common internal combustion engine burns the fuel/air mixture in the cylinder in an orderly and controlled fashion. The combustion is started by the spark...

travels to the spark plug (via high tension leads), where it ignites the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. On most overhead valve engines, the...

A ram-air intake is any intake design which uses the dynamic air pressure created by vehicle motion, or ram pressure, to increase the static air pressure...

allows an engine to extract more mechanical energy from a given mass of air–fuel mixture due to its higher thermal efficiency. This occurs because internal...

leads to more actuator in the vehicle and therefore greater energy consumption. For instance, the drive-by-wire technology adds actuator motors to create...

actuator at all. Therefore, there is an upper limit to the effectiveness of a boost controller for a given spring stiffness in the wastegate actuator...

desmodromic is used to refer to mechanisms that have different controls for their actuation in different directions. A desmodromic valve is a reciprocating...

is unaware that some of the intake air has been vented instead of going into the cylinders. This volume of vented air is no longer relevant to the engine...

equipment. PAG lubricants are used by the two largest U.S. air compressor OEMs in rotary screw air compressors. PAG oils of different viscosity grades (usually...

use spark plugs to ignite the air-fuel mixture. Instead, they rely solely on compression to raise the temperature of the air to a point where the fuel combusts...

recovery from take-off to maximum speed. Cold air intake Warm air intake Short ram air intake S-duct NACA duct Ram-air intake Intake ramp Inlet manifold Massey...

such as temperature controlled injection timing, cylinder balancing (smooth idle), switching off individual cylinders under part load for further reduction...

set so that a spark is produced at the right time to ignite the compressed air/fuel mixture in the cylinder of the engine. A mechanism may be provided to...

engines only regulate their speed by fuel supply control and most don't have a throttle valve to control air intake, other than those with EGR systems. Mechanical...

the system; a thermostat to control temperature by varying the amount of coolant going to the radiator; a fan to draw cool air through the radiator. The...

supercharger that makes use of centrifugal force in order to increase the manifold air pressure, MAP. An increased MAP allows the engine to burn more fuel, which...

Air cooling is a method of dissipating heat. It works by expanding the surface area or increasing the flow of air over the object to be cooled, or both...

Engine control unit (ECU) Electrical system Alternator Battery Dynamo Starter motor Intake system Airbox Air filter Idle air control actuator Inlet manifold...