In logic, the law of excluded middle or the principle of excluded middle states that for every proposition, either this proposition or its negation is...

ambiguous expressions: the law of identity (ID), the law of contradiction (or non-contradiction; NC), and the law of excluded middle (EM). Sometimes, these...

one of the so called three laws of thought, along with its complement, the law of excluded middle, and the law of identity. However, no system of logic...

objected to the use of the law of excluded middle over infinite sets. Hilbert responded: "Taking the Principle of the Excluded Middle from the mathematician...

noncontradiction, and the law of excluded middle. However, few systems of logic are built on just these laws. The earliest recorded use of the law appears in Plato's...

principle of bivalence is related to the law of excluded middle though the latter is a syntactic expression of the language of a logic of the form "P...

propositional logic. It can be thought of as the law of excluded middle written in a form that involves only one sort of connective, namely implication. In...

to derive it from the law of the excluded middle, as follows. We assume ¬¬P and seek to prove P. By the law of excluded middle P either holds or it does...

the law of excluded middle is not taken as axiom), it is consistent to adopt non-classical axioms that contradict consequences of the law of excluded middle...

the topic of thought. The term "law of thought" refers to three fundamental laws of logic: the law of contradiction, the law of excluded middle, and the...

early formulation of the law of trichotomy Dichotomy Law of noncontradiction Law of excluded middle Three-way comparison Trichotomy Law at MathWorld Jerrold...

Improper descriptions raise some difficult questions about the law of excluded middle, denotation, modality, and mental content. As France is currently...

in terms of discrete entities. One aspect of this formulation is that the law of excluded middle does not hold. The law of excluded middle is also rejected...

constructive proof. In particular, systems of intuitionistic logic do not assume the law of the excluded middle and double negation elimination, which are...

Contradictories follow the law of the excluded middle but contraries do not. For example, the sentence "the exact number of marbles in the urn is either...

For the sake of argument, assume that either (or both) of the following are the case: 1. Intuitionism is false. 2. The law of excluded middle is true. Presumably...

still used principium tertii exclusi (the "law of excluded middle"). The principle of the excluded middle does lead to some strange situations. For instance...

by their rules of inference. Classical set theory and logic have the law of excluded middle. When a type theory encodes the concepts of "and" and "or"...

TND (TV station), in Darwin, Australia Tertium non datur, the law of excluded middle, a law in logic The National Desk, an American television news program...

existence of objects that are not explicitly built. This excludes, in particular, the use of the law of the excluded middle, the axiom of infinity, and...

definition of dichotomy at Wiktionary Binary opposition Bipartite (disambiguation) Class (set theory) Dichotomy paradox Dilemma Law of excluded middle, which...

formula when applied to an appropriate number of terms. In set theory with the law of excluded middle, predicates are understood to be characteristic...

Since p ⇒ q and ~q ⇒ ~p are equivalent by the principle of transposition (see law of excluded middle), p ⇒ q is indirectly proved. Proof methods that are...

fact, Aristotle did not contest the universality of the law of excluded middle, but the universality of the bivalence principle: he admitted that this principle...

(intuitionistic) truth of some instance of the law of excluded middle, p ∨ ¬ p {\displaystyle p\lor \neg p} . weak excluded middle A principle in intuitionistic...

intuitions shared by many, like the law of excluded middle, the double negation elimination, and the bivalence of truth. Extended logics are logical systems...

consequence of Stalnaker's acceptance of the uniqueness assumption is that, if the law of excluded middle is true, then all instances of the formula (A...

logic. Not all tautologies of classical logic lift to Ł3 "as is". For example, the law of excluded middle, A ∨ ¬A, and the law of non-contradiction, ¬(A ∧...

and not be.' The law of excluded middle: 'Everything must either be or not be.' In accordance with the law of excluded middle or excluded third, for every...

individual x, either Px is true or not(Px) is true (this is the law of excluded middle). Second-order logic also includes quantification over sets, functions...