Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish...

still poorly understood, such as for the role of viruses in marine ecosystems. Most marine viruses are bacteriophages, which are harmless to plants and...

double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses, and those that have one strand of DNA in their genome, called single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses. dsDNA viruses primarily belong...

still poorly understood, such as for the role of viruses in marine ecosystems. Most marine viruses are bacteriophages, which are harmless to plants and...

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals...

reproduces until the cell bursts, releasing viruses. Viruses can also enter a lysogenic cycle, in which the virus writes its DNA into the host genome. When...

Hepatitis D virus, which requires Hepatitis B virus to coinfect cells in order to replicate. Helper viruses are also commonly used to replicate and spread...

community structure, genetic diversity and ecological roles of viruses in mangrove ecosystems. Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on earth, present...

identical copies of the original virus. Unlike most living things, viruses do not have cells that divide; new viruses assemble in the infected host cell...

with host-specific viruses (also known as phages) increases, making them more susceptible to viral infection and lysis. Thus, viruses moderate the population...

Permanent: (A) Permanent shallow marine waters: Less than 6m deep at low tide; including sea bays and straits (B) Marine subtidal aquatic beds: Underwater...

tb01592.x. Brusca, R. C.; Gilligan, M. R. (1983). "Tongue replacement in a marine fish (Lutjanus guttatus) by a parasitic isopod (Crustacea: Isopoda)" (PDF)...

prokaryotic phytoplankton are also bacterioplankton). Virioplankton are viruses. Viruses are more abundant in the plankton than bacteria and archaea, though...

criteria as defined in the scientific literature vary, giant viruses are generally described as viruses having large, pseudo-icosahedral capsids (200 to 400 nanometers...

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comparable to the amount generated by the other main sources of marine DOM. Viruses can easily infect microorganisms in the microbial loop due to their...

member viruses based on their genome type, host range, and genetic similarity. Viruses with three genome types are included: positive-strand RNA viruses, negative-strand...

viruses. Virivory is a well-described process in which organisms, primarily heterotrophic protists, but also some metazoans consume viruses. Viruses are...

becoming available to higher trophic levels. DOM, POM and the viral shunt Viruses Viruses are the "most abundant biological entities on the planet", particularly...

Varidnaviria is a realm of viruses that includes all DNA viruses that encode major capsid proteins that contain a vertical jelly roll fold. The major...

members of the Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses group. CroV has one of the largest genomes of all marine viruses known, consisting of ~730,000 base pairs...

prokaryotes, fungi, other unicellular eukaryotes), and viruses. Although initially driven by studies of marine organisms, much of the research on the emerging...

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that all require the presence of another virus to replicate. Many of these are plant viruses, but animal viruses can be seen in the case of dependoviruses...

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rank established for viruses by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which oversees virus taxonomy. Six virus realms are recognized...

cyanobacteria (usually referred to as blue-green algae). Within the freshwater marine ecosystem, the largest contribution in the accumulation of PSP toxins derives...

organisms. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some fungi, microorganisms...

microbiology: the discovery of viruses and the development of enrichment culture techniques. While his work on the tobacco mosaic virus established the basic principles...

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