Photon statistics is the theoretical and experimental study of the statistical distributions produced in photon counting experiments, which use photodetectors...

A photon (from Ancient Greek φῶς, φωτός (phôs, phōtós) 'light') is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic...

field. More specifically, it can refer to sub-Poissonian photon statistics, that is a photon number distribution for which the variance is less than the...

single-photon source (also known as a single photon emitter) is a light source that emits light as single particles or photons. Single-photon sources...

In physics, a photon gas is a gas-like collection of photons, which has many of the same properties of a conventional gas like hydrogen or neon – including...

light, known as photons, interact with atoms and molecules. It includes the study of the particle-like properties of photons. Photons have been used to...

direct measure of the degree of coherence of photon states in terms of the variance of the photon statistics in the beam under study.   g 2 ( 0 ) = 1 +...

light are the following: Photon statistics of Nonclassical Light is Sub-Poissonian in the sense that the average number of photons in a photodetection of...

A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), also called Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (G-APD or GM-APD) is a solid-state photodetector within the same family...

times as much energy per unit area. As for photon statistics, thermal light obeys Super-Poissonian statistics. When the temperature of a body is high enough...

261–274. doi:10.1080/14786447908639684. Michalet, X. (2006). "Using photon statistics to boost microscopy resolution". Proceedings of the National Academy...

between measuring a source and measuring off-source) accounts for the photon statistics for the mode of operation. External quantum efficiency Malacara, Daniel...

ISBN 9780521527354. Glauber, Roy J. (2006-01-01). "Optical Coherence and Photon Statistics". Quantum Theory of Optical Coherence. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co...

Photon noise is the randomness[citation needed] in signal associated with photons arriving at a detector. For a simple black body emitting on an absorber...

become Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics at high temperature or at low concentration. Bose–Einstein statistics was introduced for photons in 1924 by Bose and generalized...

conditions, described below) universal quantum computation. LOQC uses photons as information carriers, mainly uses linear optical elements, or optical...

that the cavity-QED microlaser system at MIT exhibits sub-Poisson photon statistics by measuring the second-order correlation which experimentally proved...

1989). "Quantum mechanical lossless beam splitter: SU(2) symmetry and photon statistics". Physical Review A. 40 (3): 1371. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.40.1371. Fearn...

also sub-Poissonian. Zou, X.; Mandel, L. (1990). "Photon-antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics". Physical Review A. 41 (1): 475–476. Bibcode:1990PhRvA...

Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics. Indeed, the Gibbs paradox is resolved if we treat all particles of a certain type (e.g., electrons, protons,photon etc.) as principally...

particles such as the photon, which mediate forces between matter particles, are all bosons.[citation needed] A spin–statistics theorem attempts explain...

which two photons successively emitted from a calcium atom were shown to be entangled – the first case of entangled visible light. The two photons passed...

coined by J. Verdeyen is a form of quantum noise related to the statistics of photon counting, the discrete nature of electrons, and intrinsic noise generation...

from the discrete nature of electric charge. Shot noise also occurs in photon counting in optical devices, where shot noise is associated with the particle...

laser photon statistics, the laser linewidth, and all higher order photon correlations. It was later extended to explain behavior of the single photon maser...

Accordingly, if the experimental apparatus is changed while the photon is in mid‑flight, the photon may have to revise its prior "commitment" as to whether to...

} photon correlations, respectively. To realize quantum-optical spectroscopy, high-intensity light sources with freely adjustable quantum statistics are...

electron, which transports electricity; and a commonly known boson is the photon, which carries light. In the two-dimensional world, however, there is another...

of moments (statistics) Moment problem Monotone likelihood ratio Monte Carlo integration Monte Carlo method Monte Carlo method for photon transport Monte...

(spin = 1) that act as force carriers. These are the gauge bosons: γ   Photon – the force carrier of the electromagnetic field g   Gluons (eight different...