A physical system is a collection of physical objects under study. The collection differs from a set: all the objects must coexist and have some physical...

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are control systems that integrate computation and physical processes, with embedded computers and networks monitoring and...

A physical symbol system (also called a formal system) takes physical patterns (symbols), combining them into structures (expressions) and manipulating...

A closed system is a natural physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out of the system, although – in the contexts of physics, chemistry...

In common usage and classical mechanics, a physical object or physical body (or simply an object or body) is a collection of matter within a defined contiguous...

A physical property is any property of a physical system that is measurable. The changes in the physical properties of a system can be used to describe...

physics includes quantum theory and relativity, when applicable. A physical system can be described by classical physics when it satisfies conditions...

surroundings by exchanging both matter and energy. The physical condition of a thermodynamic system at a given time is described by its state, which can...

include subatomic systems, living systems, the Solar System, galaxies, and the Universe, while artificial systems include man-made physical structures, hybrids...

The ASA physical status classification system is a system for assessing the fitness of patients before surgery. In 1963 the American Society of Anesthesiologists...

Physical science is a branch of natural science that studies non-living systems, in contrast to life science. It in turn has many branches, each referred...

A physical quantity (or simply quantity) is a property of a material or system that can be quantified by measurement. A physical quantity can be expressed...

momentum, and other physical properties may yield. Quantum mechanics allows the calculation of properties and behaviour of physical systems. It is typically...

Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is a healthcare profession, as well as the care provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain...

Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations, and daily activities...

is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and...

digital model of an intended or actual real-world physical product, system, or process (a physical twin) that serves as the effectively indistinguishable...

A machine is a physical system that uses power to apply forces and control movement to perform an action. The term is commonly applied to artificial devices...

larger physical representation of an object, person or system. The object being modelled may be small (e.g., an atom) or large (e.g., the Solar System) or...

electronic hardware and mechanical parts. Because an embedded system typically controls physical operations of the machine that it is embedded within, it often...

Noether's theorem states that every continuous symmetry of the action of a physical system with conservative forces has a corresponding conservation law. This...

deriving equations that may describe a physical system in the absence of a more rigorous derivation. The concept of physical dimension or quantity dimension...

applies to a physical system under repeated conditions, and it implies that there is a causal relationship involving the elements of the system. Factual and...

A physical constant, sometimes fundamental physical constant or universal constant, is a physical quantity that cannot be explained by a theory and therefore...

that a particular measurable property of an isolated physical system does not change as the system evolves over time. Exact conservation laws include conservation...

physical system in terms of its motion as a function of time. More specifically, the equations of motion describe the behavior of a physical system as...

model for the consciousness of a system. It comprises a framework ultimately intended to explain why some physical systems (such as human brains) are conscious...

In physical science, an isolated system is either of the following: a physical system so far removed from other systems that it does not interact with...

division is Weak Emergence, by philosopher Mark Bedau. In terms of physical systems, weak emergence is a type of emergence in which the emergent property...

Hamiltonian system is a dynamical system governed by Hamilton's equations. In physics, this dynamical system describes the evolution of a physical system such...