Quantum thermodynamics is the study of the relations between two independent physical theories: thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. The two independent...

In physics, black hole thermodynamics is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons...

universe History of thermodynamics Jarzynski equality Laws of thermodynamics Maximum entropy thermodynamics Quantum thermodynamics Reflections on the Motive...

The laws of thermodynamics are a set of scientific laws which define a group of physical quantities, such as temperature, energy, and entropy, that characterize...

early in the history of classical thermodynamics, and with the development of statistical thermodynamics and quantum theory, entropy changes have been...

Maximum entropy thermodynamics Non-equilibrium thermodynamics Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics Psychrometrics Quantum thermodynamics Statistical...

In thermodynamics, a reversible process is a process, involving a system and its surroundings, whose direction can be reversed by infinitesimal changes...

reconcile quantum mechanics and thermodynamics over the years, their compatibility is still an open fundamental problem. The full extent that quantum properties...

be just one nuclide (i.e. a system of quarks) as hypothesized in quantum thermodynamics. The system is the part of the universe being studied, while the...

The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes. The law distinguishes...

relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics...

The zeroth law of thermodynamics is one of the four principal laws of thermodynamics. It provides an independent definition of temperature without reference...

process Ground state Laws of thermodynamics Quantum thermodynamics Residual entropy Thermodynamic entropy Timeline of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics...

A timeline of events in the history of thermodynamics. 1593 – Galileo Galilei invents one of the first thermoscopes, also known as Galileo thermometer...

fluctuating trajectory. Stochastic thermodynamics can be applied to driven (i.e. open) quantum systems whenever the effects of quantum coherence can be ignored...

weight passed into the water as heat. A fundamental guiding principle of thermodynamics is the conservation of energy. The total energy of a system is the sum...

measurement theory, quantum statistical mechanics, quantum information science, quantum thermodynamics, quantum cosmology, quantum biology, and semi-classical...

system through this reversible process, dwrev. But from the first law of thermodynamics, dE = δw + δq. Therefore, d S = δ ⟨ q rev ⟩ T {\displaystyle dS={\frac...

expressed in the third law of thermodynamics. At this temperature, matter contains no macroscopic thermal energy, but still has quantum-mechanical zero-point...

of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics...

In quantum field theory, the quantum vacuum state (also called the quantum vacuum or vacuum state) is the quantum state with the lowest possible energy...

Thermodynamic equilibrium is a notion of thermodynamics with axiomatic status referring to an internal state of a single thermodynamic system, or a relation...

justifying the need for a quantum theory termed quantum thermodynamics. The three-level-amplifier is the template of a quantum device. It operates by employing...

formalized largely by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) as the field of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics aided the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes...

In thermodynamics, the volume of a system is an important extensive parameter for describing its thermodynamic state. The specific volume, an intensive...

pre-quantum thermodynamics that had troubled 19th-century scientists. Let us now describe this. The level sets of H are the orbits, and the quantum condition...

microscopic entities. Sometimes called statistical physics or statistical thermodynamics, its applications include many problems in the fields of physics, biology...

In thermodynamics, the thermodynamic free energy is one of the state functions of a thermodynamic system. The change in the free energy is the maximum...

quantum adiabatic process provides a good justification for identifying it as the quantum analogue of adiabatic processes in classical thermodynamics...

include classical mechanics; thermodynamics and statistical mechanics; electromagnetism and photonics; relativity; quantum mechanics, atomic physics, and...