Racial whitening, or "whitening" (branqueamento), is an ideology that was widely accepted in Brazil between 1889 and 1914, as the solution to the "Negro...

Racial politics or race politics is the use of race, as a human categorization or hierarchical identifier, in political discourse, campaigns, or within...

Racial democracy (Portuguese: democracia racial) is a concept that denies the existence of racism in Brazil. Some scholars of race relations in Brazil...

Spaniards). Brazil has seen greater racial equality over time. According to a recent review study, "There has been major, albeit uneven, progress in these terms...

especially in areas of the United States where racial segregation exists. Furthermore, people often self-identify as members of a race for political reasons...

historians and others. The myth of a racial democracy, a term originally coined by Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre in his 1933 work Casa-Grande & Senzala...

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America. It is the world's fifth-largest...

Ministry of Racial Equality (Portuguese: Ministério da Igualdade Racial) of Brazil is a department of the direct public administration of the Federal Government...

Africa had racial apartheid, Brazil has social apartheid." Journalist Kevin G. Hall wrote in 2002 that Afro-Brazilians trail White Brazilians in almost all...

majored in history at Brown University, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1985. At Brown, Nobles became interested in the racial politics of Brazil. She...

Brown is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a light to moderate brown...

Afro-Brazilians (Portuguese: afro-brasileiros; pronounced [ˈafɾo bɾaziˈle(j)ɾus]) are an ethno-racial group consisting of Brazilians with predominantly...

to racial politics in Brazil today. Keisha-Khan, Y. Perry. "The roots of black resistance: Race, gender and the struggle for urban land rights in Salvador...

Frederowski, Bruno; Mandl, Carolina (8 October 2018). "Brazil's far-right Bolsonaro: No coalition politics in cabinet picks". Reuters. Archived from the original...

allegations about members of a given ethnic, national, or racial group or to refer to them in a derogatory, pejorative, or otherwise insulting manner....

the Racial Divide. Paradigm Publishers. Twine, France Winddance (1997), Racism in a Racial Democracy: The Maintenance of White Supremacy in Brazil, Rutgers...

activism transformed society, politics and culture which some are still present. The Brazilian elite desired the racial whitening of the country, similarly...

policies, racial nationalism often promotes eugenics, and advocates political and legislative solutions based on eugenic and other racial theories. Nationalism...

In Brazil, Pardo (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpaʁdu]) is an ethnic and skin color category used by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics...

Racial equality is when people of all races and ethnicities are treated in an egalitarian/equal manner. Racial equality occurs when institutions give individuals...

In political science, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution...

regarding whether the Brazilian class system would[clarification needed] be drawn mostly around socioeconomic lines, not racial ones (in a manner similar to...

different-race siblings. Distribution of racial groups in Brazil Pardo Brazilians White Brazilians Black Brazilians Native Brazilians According to the 2022 census...

Slavery in Brazil began long before the first Portuguese settlement. Later, colonists were heavily dependent on indigenous labor during the initial phases...

"passive homosexuals." In her published work on these findings, City of Women (1947), Landes discussed how racial politics in Brazil shape many candomblé...

such as Brazil. On the individual level, racial fluidity is particularly applicable to those with mixed racial heritage, particularly, in the US, of...

into racial shift conditions, which outline how White people's hostility to other racial groups increases in proportion to their awareness of a drop in White...

self-identification and social recognition. In the study of race and health, scientists organize people in racial categories depending on different factors...

empirical evidence exists to support or justify racial discrimination, racial inferiority, or racial superiority. Before the mid-20th century, scientific...

The racial policy of Nazi Germany was a set of policies and laws implemented in Nazi Germany under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler, based on pseudoscientific...