In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol G {\displaystyle G} ) is a thermodynamic potential that can...

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (/ˈhɛlmhoʊlts/; German: [ˈhɛʁ.man vɔn ˈhɛlmˌhɔlts]; 31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894; "von" since 1883) was a...

constant. At constant temperature, the Helmholtz free energy is minimized at equilibrium. In contrast, the Gibbs free energy or free enthalpy is most commonly...

leaving Gibbs and his sister Anna in Germany. In Heidelberg, Gibbs was exposed to the work of physicists Gustav Kirchhoff and Hermann von Helmholtz, and...

item 5-20.4 Helmholtz energy, Helmholtz function ISO/IEC 80000-5, Quantities an units, Part 5 - Thermodynamics, item 5-20.5, Gibbs energy, Gibbs function...

Boltzmann constant. The number F is the free energy (specifically, the Helmholtz free energy) and is assumed to be a constant for a specific ensemble to...

enthalpy H ( S , P ) {\displaystyle H(S,P)} , Helmholtz free energy F ( T , V ) {\displaystyle F(T,V)} , and Gibbs free energy G ( T , P ) {\displaystyle G(T...

most often refers to the Helmholtz free energy, denoted by A (or F), while in chemistry, free energy most often refers to the Gibbs free energy. The values...

the Helmholtz free energy F as d F = − S d T − P d V {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} F=-S\,\mathrm {d} T-P\,\mathrm {d} V\,} and in terms of the Gibbs free...

potentials are the following functions: U Internal energy F Helmholtz free energy H Enthalpy G Gibbs free energy Thermodynamic systems are typically affected...

extensive properties. For the internal energy U, enthalpy H, Helmholtz free energy A, and Gibbs free energy G, the following hold: H i ¯ = U i ¯ + P V i ¯...

Kirchhoff's law of equality of radiative emissivity and absorptivity and the Helmholtz reciprocity principle are in play. If an initially isolated physical system...

the change during a quasi-static process in the Helmholtz free energy, F {\displaystyle F} , and the Gibbs free energy, G {\displaystyle G} , will be Δ F...

Bridgman's equations Clausius–Clapeyron relation Departure functions Duhem–Margules equation Ehrenfest equations Gibbs–Helmholtz equation Phase rule Kopp's law...

thermodynamics: Mass Energy (E) Enthalpy (H) Internal energy (U) Gibbs free energy (G) Helmholtz free energy (F) Exergy (B) Entropy (S) Pressure (P) Temperature...

closed systems postulates the concept of an "equilibrium state" following Gibbs (Gibbs speaks routinely of a "thermodynamic state"), though not explicitly using...

include: amount of substance, n enthalpy, H entropy, S Gibbs energy, G heat capacity, Cp Helmholtz energy, A or F internal energy, U spring stiffness, K...

ideal gases; the speed of sound depends on this factor. To understand this relation, consider the following thought experiment. A closed pneumatic cylinder...

A polytropic process is a thermodynamic process that obeys the relation: p V n = C {\displaystyle pV^{n}=C} where p is the pressure, V is volume, n is...

Enthalpy Exergy Thermodynamic equations Thermodynamic potentials Gibbs free energy Helmholtz free energy Crawford, F. H. (1963), pp. 106–107. Haase, R. (1971)...

formulation of thermodynamics. It makes the relation of thermal equilibrium between systems an equivalence relation, which can represent equality of some quantity...

are then employed to derive the well-known Gibbs entropy formula. However, the equivalence between the Gibbs entropy formula and the thermodynamic definition...

a mixture is not at equilibrium, the liberation of the excess Gibbs energy (or Helmholtz energy at constant volume reactions) is the "driving force" for...

internal energy. Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties...

physical state. The essential ingredient in proving the spin-statistics relation is relativity, that the physical laws do not change under Lorentz transformations...

19th century, including "quasi-thermodynamic" theories by Thomson and Helmholtz respectively. Onsager's reciprocity in the thermoelectric effect manifests...

asymmetric (Helmholtz). Of the networks bearing people's names, only Hopfield worked directly with neural networks. Boltzmann and Helmholtz came before...

system, such as constant temperature or pressure. For example, the Helmholtz and Gibbs energies are the energies available in a system to do useful work...

empirical parameter in thermodynamic systems and establishes the transitive relation between the temperatures of multiple bodies in thermal equilibrium. The...

}}\right)\right)} In statistical mechanics, the relationship between the Helmholtz free energy and the partition function is fundamental, and is used to...