In philosophy of science, strong inference is a model of scientific inquiry that emphasizes the need for alternative hypotheses, rather than a single hypothesis...

to allege a "strong inference" of intentional fraud, the inference must be "cogent" and "at least as compelling as any opposing inference of nonfraudulent...

Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward". Inference is...

Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to update the probability...

Scientific method Verifiability theory of meaning Will to believe doctrine Strong inference Abductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Inductive reasoning Analogy...

Type inference, sometimes called type reconstruction,: 320  refers to the automatic detection of the type of an expression in a formal language. These...

basis for arguments and inferences made using statistics. This includes the justification for the methods of statistical inference, estimation, and hypothesis...

In the field of artificial intelligence, an inference engine is a software component of an intelligent system that applies logical rules to the knowledge...

the premises make it more likely that the conclusion is true and strong inferences make it very likely. Some uncertainty remains because the conclusion...

formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises due...

girder was removed during the passage of the locomotive, there is a strong inference that some part of the heavy structure of the locomotive would have...

confirmation bias that results from entertaining a single hypothesis, strong inference emphasizes the need for entertaining multiple alternative hypotheses...

techniques for approximating intractable integrals arising in Bayesian inference and machine learning. They are typically used in complex statistical models...

extant birds makes this a fairly strong inference, yet not as strong as a level 1 inference. Level 3 — The inference of a character that leaves a bony...

assumptions about the progress of science through history. 1964 – Strong inference—a model of scientific inquiry that emphasizes the need for alternative...

Anderson, D.R. (2001). "Kullback–Leibler information as a basis for strong inference in ecological studies". Wildlife Research. 28 (2): 111–119. doi:10...

of a weakly informative prior is for regularization, that is, to keep inferences in a reasonable range. An uninformative, flat, or diffuse prior expresses...

Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences. An inference is valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises, meaning that...

the requirement that a plaintiff must plead facts giving rise to a "strong inference" of scienter. The meaning of scienter under the 1995 law has been very...

June 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2018. Platt, J. R. (16 October 1964). "Strong Inference: Certain systematic methods of scientific thinking may produce much...

Scots law. In English tort law, the effect of res ipsa loquitur is a strong inference in favour of the claimant that negligence has taken place. It does...

tenet is consistent with the ideas proposed in Platt's concept of Strong inference (1964). Truly different methodology – When using multiple methods,...

Bayesian inference refers to statistical inference where uncertainty in inferences is quantified using probability. In classical frequentist inference, model...

Harman defends a strong version of liberal inductivism according to which enumerative induction is just a disguised form of inference to the best explanation"...

the scientific method, was an inspiration for the approach called strong inference, and was reprinted in 1965. Peirce held that, as a matter of research...

plead a "strong inference" of scienter (a mental state embracing intent to deceive, manipulate, or defraud). The Court ruled a reasonable inference of scienter...

professor at the University of Chicago, noted for his pioneering work on strong inference in the 1960s and his analysis of social science in the 1970s. Platt...

which a type is to be inferred. This is in strong contrast to many other attempts to derive type inference algorithms, which often came out to be NP-hard...

Maritime historian Ira Dye writes that "the tattooing of American (and by strong inference, European) seafarers was a common and well-established practice at...

of the presence of various diseases. Efficient algorithms can perform inference and learning in Bayesian networks. Bayesian networks that model sequences...