In forestry and ecology, understory (American English), or understorey (Commonwealth English), also known as underbrush or undergrowth, includes plant...

Understory (founded in 2012 as WInstruments) is a company that forecasts weather and collects data using a grid of weather-sensing hardware that tracks...

The Understory is the debut novel by American author Pamela Erens published in 2007 by Ironweed Press, and republished in 2014 by Tin House Books following...

level are present in the understory. Only about 5% of the sunlight shining on the rainforest canopy reaches the understory. This layer can be called...

(Australian) coastal she oak litter completely suppresses germination of understory plants as shown here despite the relative openness of the canopy and ample...

mixture of aspen and spruce occur, a fairly dense understory can still thrive. The mixed wood understory, as it is called, supports the greatest diversity...

generally distinguished: forest floor (root and moss layers), herb, shrub, understory and canopy layers. These vegetation layers are primarily determined by...

where trees and shrubs form a light canopy. Woodlands may support an understory of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. Woodland may form a...

plants only become established in canopy openings, but persist beneath an understory. Openings are a result of tree death due to small impact disturbances...

as moose and Asian black bear, along with over 120 bird species. The understory of moist conifer forests may contain thickets of bamboo. In higher montane...

ovata and C. cordiformis) and black or sweet birch (Betula lenta). Small understory trees and shrubs include paw paw (Asimina tribola), flowering dogwood...

where they forage within manure and on items that have fallen to the understory from the canopy. They play a pivotal role in the control of ticks, flies...

Deodar forests are forests dominated by Cedrus deodara, the deodar cedar. This tree is found naturally in the Western Himalayas from the Gandaki River...

adaptations produce the shade tolerance that allows plants to survive in the understory. In addition, shade within a canopy can elicit shade avoidance responses...

availability to understory plants and shrubs. This high sunlight is too severe for most species and restricts growth. Few understory plants are found...

botany and in vegetation ecology especially in relation to grasslands and understory. Typically, these are eudicots without woody stems. The word "forb" is...

arrive at the understory causing true understory plants to seldom grow to 3 m (10 feet). As an adaptation to these low light levels, understory plants have...

colonies. The high stem turnover regime supports a diverse herbaceous understory.[citation needed] Aspen seedlings do not thrive in the shade, and it is...

Carpinus caroliniana, the American hornbeam, is a small hardwood understory tree in the genus Carpinus. American hornbeam is also known as blue-beech,...

callistemons, grevilleas and banksias), and a semi-continuous grass in the understory. The plants in this community tend to have rough, spiky leaves due to...

networks. The main layers of all forest types are the forest floor, the understory, and the canopy. The emergent layer, above the canopy, exists in tropical...

forests are found in many areas worldwide and have distinctive ecosystems, understory growth, and soil dynamics. Two distinctive types of deciduous forests...

covered with fungi and ferns. Shrubs and small trees compose a diverse understory. Forest Trees of the world Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI)  This...

"Selective effects on abundance, diversity, and composition of tropical understory herbs". Ecological Applications. 12 (3): 807–819. doi:10...

"Vine Photosynthesis and Relationships to Climbing Mechanisms in a Forest Understory". American Journal of Botany. 75 (7): 1101. doi:10.2307/2443769. JSTOR 2443769...

trees will encroach on a grassland and cast shade, which suppresses the understory. Prairie and widely spaced oak trees evolved to coexist in the oak savanna...

three-layered, shade-tolerant understory that is roughly 9 to 15 m (30 to 50 ft) shorter than the canopy. The top layer of the understory is the sub-canopy composed...

Pteridophyta as marattitalean tree ferns and Filicales and Zygopteridales understory ferns, with common foliage names of Pecopteris, Acitheca and Lobatopteris;...

habitats. In coastal areas there are extensive redwood forests. A prominent understory shrub is the toyon, whose northern range limit is in Humboldt County....

50 ft) form open-canopied forests, woodlands, and shrublands, with an understory of small shrubs, herbs, ferns, and climbers. Montane grassland occurs...