Venera 4 (Russian: Венера-4, lit. 'Venus-4'), also designated 4V-1 No.310, was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. The...

The Venera (Russian: Вене́ра, pronounced [vʲɪˈnʲɛrə] 'Venus') program was a series of space probes developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984...

Venera 9 (Russian: Венера-9, lit. 'Venus-9'), manufacturer's designation: 4V-1 No. 660, was a Soviet uncrewed space mission to Venus. It consisted of an...

Venera 13 (Russian: Венера-13 'Venus 13') was part of the Soviet Venera program meant to explore Venus. Venera 13 and 14 were identical spacecraft built...

Venera 5 (Russian: Венера-5 meaning Venus 5) was a space probe in the Soviet space program Venera for the exploration of Venus. Venera 5 was launched towards...

Venera 14 (called Venus 14 in English) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus. Venera 14 was identical to the Venera 13...

on-orbit dry mass of 1,130 kg (2,490 lb). The spacecraft was very similar to Venera 4 although it was of a stronger design. When the atmosphere of Venus was...

Venus. In 1967, Venera 4 was launched and successfully deployed science experiments in the Venusian atmosphere before impacting. Venera 4 showed the surface...

Venera 1 (Russian: Венера-1 meaning Venus 1), also known as Venera-1VA No.2 and occasionally in the West as Sputnik 8 was the first spacecraft to perform...

Venera 8 (Russian: Венера-8 meaning Venus 8) was a probe in the Soviet Venera program for the exploration of Venus and was the second robotic space probe...

The Venera 11 (Russian: Венера-11 meaning Venus 11) was a Soviet uncrewed space mission which was part of the Venera program to explore the planet Venus...

systems. The spacecraft was identical to Venera 16 and based on modifications to the earlier Venera space probes. Venera 15 was launched on June 2, 1983, at...

refined by the Venera 5 and Venera 6 in May 1969. But thus far, none of these missions had reached the surface while still transmitting. Venera 4's battery...

Union followed by the United States have soft landed probes on the surface. Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching...

Venera 16 (Russian: Венера-16 meaning Venus 16) was a spacecraft sent to Venus by the Soviet Union. This uncrewed orbiter was to map the surface of Venus...

Venera 2 (Russian: Венера-2 meaning Venus 2), also known as 3MV-4 No.4 was a Soviet spacecraft intended to explore Venus. A 3MV-4 spacecraft launched...

Venera 10 (Russian: Венера-10 meaning Venus 10), or 4V-1 No. 661, was a Soviet uncrewed space mission to Venus. It consisted of an orbiter and a lander...

8K72 Venera Cosmos 27 Venera 2 Venera 3 Venera 4 Venera 5 Venera 6 Venera 7 Venera 8 Cosmos 482 Venera 9 Venera 10 Venera 11 Venera 12 Venera 13 Venera 14...

Venera 7 (Russian: Венера-7, lit. 'Venus 7') was a Soviet spacecraft, part of the Venera series of probes to Venus. When it landed the Venusian surface...

Evening Stars". Metamorphoses 11.295 Metamorphoses 11.271 Apollodorus, 1.7.4 Halbertal, Moshe; Margalit, Avishai. Idolatry (Cambridge: Harvard University...

mission change in the Venera program, following on from the cancellation of the American Halley mission in 1981. A later Venera mission was canceled and...

satellite US-KMO - satellite US-KS - satellite Venera program Venera 3 Venera 4 Venera 5 Venera 7 Venera 8 Venera 9 Kosmos 167 Vega program Vega 1 Vega 2 Luna-Glob...

The Venera 12 (Russian: Венера-12 meaning Venus 12) was an uncrewed Soviet space mission designed to explore the planet Venus. Venera 12 was launched...

(3MV-3 No.1), Venera 3MV-3 Venera 3V (V-67): Venera 4 (V-67 No. 310), Kosmos 159 (V-67 No.311) Venera 3V (V-69) Venera 5 (V-69 No. 330), Venera 6 (V-69 No...

Grammar, p. 231. ISBN 0-06-053690-X. Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica 4.27.1. Hyginus, Fabulae, 65 Ovid. Metamorphoses. Book XI, 295. Servius. ad...

Mariner 2 made radiometer measurements of the temperature in 1962. In 1967, Venera 4 confirmed that the atmosphere consisted primarily of carbon dioxide. The...

Venus Venera Venera 1 Venera 2 Venera 3 Venera 4 Venera 5 Venera 6 Venera 7 Venera 8 Venera 9 Venera 10 Venera 11 Venera 12 Venera 13 Venera 14 Venera 15...

Retrieved 15 April 2019. "Venera 1". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2019. "Venera | Soviet space probes"...

Venera 3 (Russian: Венера-3 meaning Venus 3) was a Venera program space probe that was built and launched by the Soviet Union to explore the surface of...

Soviet Venera 5 and Venera 6 probes were crushed by high pressure while still 18 km above the surface. Following landers such as Venera 7 and Venera 8 succeeded...