when worn by court women, high social position and wealth. The Spanish verdugado, from which "farthingale" derives, was a hoop skirt originally stiffened...

are called by various names in different periods: Farthingale (Spanish verdugado) (16th century) Panniers or "side hoops" (18th century) Crinoline or crinolette...

Two uniquely Spanish fashions appeared from the 1470s. The verdugada or verdugado was a gown with a bell-shaped hoop skirt with visible casings stiffened...