The zosterophylls are a group of extinct land plants that first appeared in the Silurian period. The taxon was first established by Banks in 1968 as the...

well as the informal "lycophyte" may be used to include the extinct zosterophylls or to exclude them. Lycophytes reproduce by spores and have alternation...

and their closest extinct relatives are generally believed to be the zosterophylls, a paraphyletic or plesion group. Ignoring some smaller extinct taxa...

Gondwana, to Australia. In the late Silurian, two distinctive lineages, zosterophylls and rhyniophytes, had colonised the tropics. The former evolved into...

plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta – rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta – zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta – clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta – trimerophytes Polypodiophyta...

classification remains uncertain, although it has been treated as a zosterophyll. There is one species, Nothia aphylla. Fossilized remains, including...

terminal sporangia (e.g., Cooksonia, Rhynia) with centrarch xylem; zosterophylls comprised plants with lateral sporangia that split distally (away from...

lycophytes. Hao and Xue in 2013 considered the genus as a questionable zosterophyll. Hao, Shou-Gang & Beck, Charles B. (1991), "Yunia dichotoma, a Lower...

the sides of stems. Wenshania is part of the broadly defined group of zosterophylls. The sporophyte of Wenshania zhichangensis, the type species of the...

developed from the side of early stems (such as those found in the Zosterophylls). Outgrowths of the protostele (the central vasculature) later emerged...

thickened outer wall of guard cells There is agreement that Sawdonia was a zosterophyll – a group of plants on the line of evolution leading to the modern lycopodiopsids...

tracheid diameter increased with time, but may have plateaued in the zosterophylls by mid-Devonian.  Overall transport rate also depends on the overall...

defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives). Hao and Xue in 2013 listed the genus as a zosterophyll. Hao...

particular feature of Demersatheca which distinguishes it from other zosterophylls is that the stalk-less sporangia were sunken into the stem of the spike...

Kazakhstan. Jugumella was considered a possible zosterophyll in a 2006 study. It was listed as a zosterophyll by Hao and Xue in 2013. Raymond, A.; Gensel...

laterally, have a mechanism for releasing spores similar to those of the zosterophylls. A second cladistic analysis was carried out using only the three best...

Odonax was a genus of Early Devonian (Early Emsian) zosterophyll with branching axes. It bore kidney-shaped sporangia and spiny branches. Boyce, C.K. (2008)...

By the end of the Silurian much more complex vascular plants, the zosterophylls, had diversified and primitive lycopods, such as Baragwanathia (originally...

Devonian, around 411 to 408 million years ago. It is considered to be a zosterophyll, one of a group of plants that were related to the ancestors of the modern...

zosterophylls lycopsids...

branching axes that grew to heights of 30 cm. It is aligned with the Zosterophylls, and produced Calamospora-type spores. Boyce, C.K. (2008). "How green...

borne laterally and the anatomy of the xylem, relate this genus to the zosterophylls. Other features are unclear due to poor preservation. Fossils of Ventarura...

al. places Discalis in a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives)...

the "zosterophylls". A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places Gumia in a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal...

terminal, so that it is now regarded as having affinities with the zosterophylls. The sporophyte had a tufted growth habit, with narrow leafless stems...

defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives). Hao and Xue in 2013 listed the genus as a zosterophyll. Kotyk...

(November 2013). "Spore Wall Ultrastructure of the Lower Devonian Zosterophylls Renalia hueberi and Zosterophyllum divaricatum". International Journal...

PMC 9061808. PMID 35501345. S2CID 248504614. Xue, Jinzhuang (2009-06-10). "Two Zosterophyll Plants from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Xitun Formation of Northeastern...

Anisophyton in the core of a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives)...

Serrulacaulis in the core of a paraphyletic stem group of broadly defined "zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives)...