identical copies of the original virus. Unlike most living things, viruses do not have cells that divide; new viruses assemble in the infected host cell...

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals...

amoeba. This leads to viral particles to be released into the cytoplasm of the amoeba. Viruses portal DNA virus Introduction to viruses Largest organisms...

human viruses, GISRS monitors avian, swine, and other potentially zoonotic influenza viruses. IAV vaccines need to be reformulated regularly in order to keep...

virus, which requires Hepatitis B virus to coinfect cells in order to replicate. Helper viruses are also commonly used to replicate and spread viral vectors...

replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must first get into the cell before viral...

Negative-strand RNA viruses (−ssRNA viruses) are a group of related viruses that have negative-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid...

Villarreal, Luis (2005). Viruses and the Evolution of Life. ASM Press. Zimmer, Carl (2010). The Tangled Bank: An Introduction to Evolution. Greenwood Village...

specifically concerned with the evolution of viruses. Viruses have short generation times, and many—in particular RNA viruses—have relatively high mutation rates...

[citation needed] Active viremia is caused by the replication of viruses which results in viruses being introduced into the bloodstream. Examples include the...

that all require the presence of another virus to replicate. Many of these are plant viruses, but animal viruses can be seen in the case of dependoviruses...

Viral vectors are modified viruses designed to deliver genetic material into cells. This process can be performed inside an organism or in cell culture...

genome, which only occurs between viruses with segmented genomes. (All known viruses with segmented genomes are RNA viruses.) The classical example of reassortment...

can be dangerous to open unexpected attachments in e-mails. Many antivirus programs can detect macro viruses; however, the macro virus' behavior can still...

Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish...

first vaccines to protect against viral infections, they did not know that viruses existed. The first evidence of the existence of viruses came from experiments...

The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency...

they cause. The smallpox virus remains the most notable member of the family.[citation needed] Diseases caused by pox viruses, especially smallpox, have...

functions of viruses and their component parts. Thousands of different viruses are now known about and virologists often specialize in either the viruses that...

zoster virus (VZV), also known as human herpesvirus 3 (HHV-3, HHV3) or Human alphaherpesvirus 3 (taxonomically), is one of nine known herpes viruses that...

extracellular space is most effective for viruses that require their own envelope. These include such viruses as HIV, HSV, SARS or smallpox. When beginning...

ribozyme to catalyze other biochemical reactions. Viruses are generally between 20–200 nm in diameter. For survival and replication, viruses inject their...

strains. Subtype A and B viruses will often circulate simultaneously within a specific geographic region, although group A viruses are more prevalent. A...

of computer security products. It uses signatures and heuristics to identify viruses. Other features included in it are e-mail spam filtering and phishing...

genetic relation to viruses indigenous to chimpanzees and gorillas that inhabit West Africa, while HIV-2 viruses are affiliated with viruses present in the...

that). However, viruses that integrate into the host cell's genome can stay there as long as the cell lives. One of the best-studied viruses that exhibits...

first ever viruses to be discovered. Achieving clear visualisation of viruses using limited technology, such as microscopy was difficult due to their relatively...

Emergent viruses should not be confused with re-emerging viruses or newly detected viruses. A re-emerging virus is generally considered to be a previously...

Chordopoxvirinae). Like other poxviruses, myxoma viruses are large DNA viruses with linear double-stranded DNA. Virus replication occurs in the cytoplasm of the...

transmission through the egg stage. Alois Huger described the virus as being similar to viruses from the family Baculoviridae, but lacking the proteinaceous...