Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological...

Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum...

Tetanus toxin (TeNT) is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus....

α-Neurotoxins are a group of neurotoxic peptides found in the venom of snakes in the families Elapidae and Hydrophiidae. They can cause paralysis, respiratory...

Neurotoxin B-IV is a venom peptide secreted by a large marine worm called Cerebratulus lacteus that inhabits the northeastern coast of North America. This...

cosmetic procedure that modifies the shape of the lips using botulinum neurotoxin type A and occasionally adding hyaluronic acid fillers. The procedure...

dangerous if provoked when handled because their venom contains a powerful neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin. The species tends to have a lifespan of approximately...

motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a neurotoxin. C. botulinum is a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria. Initially, they...

(TTX or TTN) is an analog of the neurotoxin resiniferatoxin. It occurs naturally in Euphorbia poissonii. It is a neurotoxin that acts via full agonism of...

disease animal models are divided into two categories: neurotoxin models and genetic models. Neurotoxin models include chemically induced toxicity in the brain;...

neurotransmitters in neurons. These neuronal SNAREs are the targets of the neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus produced by certain bacteria. SNAREs...

respiratory failure. The major α-neurotoxin in Naja kaouthia venom is a long neurotoxin, α-cobratoxin; the minor α-neurotoxin is different from cobrotoxin...

Sea anemone neurotoxin is the name given to neurotoxins produced by sea anemones with related structure and function. Sea anemone neurotoxins can be divided...

cationic protein (ECP) eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) Major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic...

differentiation. 9-Me-BC also inhibited the oxidation of the neurotoxin precursor MPTP to the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPP+ in vitro. Rodent studies in vivo demonstrated...

designed to recreate the look. In 2018, Americans underwent 7 million neurotoxin injections and 2.5 million filler injections and spent $16.5 billion on...

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASE2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is found in eosinophil granulocytes...

was published in 1992 by Dumbacher et al., which found traces of the neurotoxin homobatrachotoxin, a steroid alkaloid with the ability to polarize Na+...

incidence of obesity. The neurotoxin regulation hypothesis proposes that drug use is not novel because human brains and plant neurotoxins coevolved. Genetic...

inland taipan's venom consists of: Neurotoxins: Presynaptic neurotoxins; paradoxin (PDX), and postsynaptic neurotoxins; Oxylepitoxin-1, alpha-oxytocin 1...

through the inhalation and dermal routes, but to insects it acts as a neurotoxin causing paralysis. It is effective against cockroaches, waterbugs, ants...

and colorless liquid, dimethylmercury is one of the strongest known neurotoxins. Less than 0.1 mL is capable of inducing severe mercury poisoning resulting...

mammalian groups with natural protection against another snake venom, α-neurotoxin. Developing independently, pigs, honey badgers, mongooses, and hedgehogs...

v t e Toxins cardiotoxin cytotoxin enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Mycotoxins Aflatoxin Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin...

frogs, newts, and other aquatic animals (see below). It is a potent neurotoxin that shuts down electrical signaling in nerves; it acts via interaction...

act as both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins. Presynaptic neurotoxins, commonly known as β-neurotoxins, affect the presynaptic regions of the neuromuscular...

Receptor/signaling modulators • Monoamine reuptake inhibitors • Adrenergics • Dopaminergics • Serotonergics • Monoamine metabolism modulators • Monoamine neurotoxins...

doses of Botulinum toxin C have not resulted in detectable Botulinum neurotoxin in milk produced. Using mouse bioassays and immunostick ELISA tests, botulinum...

effect. The main poison-producing glands, the parotoids, produce the neurotoxin bufotoxin and are located behind the ears of toads, along the backs of...

(3FTx) and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). Of all the 3FTx, alpha-neurotoxins are the predominant and most lethal components when cytotoxins and beta-cardiotoxins...