The Xiongnu (Chinese: 匈奴; pinyin: Xiōngnú, [ɕjʊ́ŋ.nǔ]) were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited...

древних кочевых народов группы Дунху") (in Russian) Book of Han, Vol. 94-I, 匈奴謂天為「撐犁」，謂子為「孤塗」，單于者，廣大之貌也. Universität Bonn. Seminar für Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft...

Sinica: 21–22. Weishu, vol. 103 "高車，蓋古赤狄之餘種也，初號為狄歷，北方以為勑勒，諸夏以為高車、丁零。其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也" tr. "丁零—铁勒的西迁及其所建西域政权". Archived from the original on 15 July 2015...

1st century AD. In Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian , the Xiongnu 匈奴 were mentioned as Shanrong 山戎, Xianyun 獫狁, and Hunyu 葷粥 "since before the...

designated nomadic people who during the Han dynasty were called Xiongnu (匈奴). Sima Zhen quoted Zhang Yan (張晏) as saying that “Chunwei, during the Yin...

The Zhao–Xiongnu War (Chinese: 趙破匈奴之戰) was a war that took place between the state of Zhao and the Xiongnu confederation in 265 BC during the Warring States...

p. 264. 《汉书·西域传》：乌孙国，大昆弥治赤谷城，去长安八千九百里。户十二万，口六十三万，胜兵十八万八千八百人。……故服匈奴，后盛大，取羁属，不肯往朝会。东与匈奴、西北与康居、西与大宛、南与城郭诸国相接。本塞地也，大月氏西破走塞王，塞王南越县度，大月氏居其地。后乌孙昆莫击破大月氏，大月氏徙...

commanderies of Yanshan (雁山) and Daijun (代郡) from raids instigated by the Xiongnu (匈奴) and other tribes. He initially adopted an extremely defensive strategy, for...

2021-12-03 at the Wayback Machine quote: "東胡黃羆。... 正北空同、大夏、莎車、姑他、旦略、豹胡、代翟、匈奴、樓煩、月氏、孅犁、其龍、東胡，請令以橐駝、白玉、野馬、騊駼、駃騠、良弓為獻。" Classic of Mountains and Seas, "Classic...

(19): p. 199-201 of pp. 197-239 Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar...

that the Wise Prince of the Left after Huchuquan's ascension was Qubei. (韓暹及匈奴左賢王去卑...) Hou Hanshu, vol.9 Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples...

(link) 2부작 <문무왕릉비의 비밀> - 제1편: 신라 김씨왕족은 흉노(匈奴)의 후손인가?. KBS 역사추적. 2008-11-22. 2부작 <문무왕비문의 비밀> - 제2편: 왜 흉노(匈奴)의 후예라고 밝혔나?. KBS 역사추적. 2008-11-29. (채널돋보기)...

Wang, Zijin; Fang, Guanghua (2002). 秦汉魏晋南北朝史. p. 335. ISBN 9789571128702. "匈奴嬌子的赫連大夏國". Retrieved 6 September 2020. Kim, Hyun Jin (2015). The Huns. ISBN 9781317340911...

different volumes in the record, he was either the Leader of the Xiongnu (匈奴帥), the Leader of the Central Tribe (中部帥), the Right Virtuous King (右賢王), or...

Woodside 1971, p. 9. Woodside 1971, pp. 234–237. Book of Han, Vol. 94-I, 匈奴謂天為「撐犁」，謂子為「孤塗」，單于者，廣大之貌也. Beasley, William (1999). "The Making of a Monarchy"...

Archived from the original on 2023-01-14. Retrieved 2016-09-10. 祁連山即天山也，匈奴呼天為祁連 (translation: Qilian Mountain is the Tian Shan, the Xiongnu called the...

Routledge. p. 139. ISBN 1317475917. (公主及昆彌皆遣使上書，言「匈奴復連發大兵侵擊烏孫，取車延、惡師地，收人民去，使使謂烏孫趣持公主來，欲隔絕漢。昆彌願發國半精兵，自給人馬五萬騎，盡力擊匈奴。唯天子出兵以救公主、昆彌。」) Ban Gu et al. Book of Han,...

about Lian Po and Lin Xiangru - Addendum: Li Mu" text: "李牧者，趙之北邊良將也。常居代鴈門，備匈奴。" translation: "About Li Mu, he was a good general at Zhao's northern borders...

上述石雕像为胡人形象，对此学者们均无异议。胡人是我国古代中原汉人对北方和西方异族的通称。在汉人的认知领域，胡人的概念比较模糊，大致也有个变化的过程。先秦时的胡，专指匈奴，汉晋时期泛指匈奴、鲜卑、羯、氐、羌，"胡人"的范围已由北方逐渐扩大到西部族群。 "The above-mentioned stone statues are...

conferred by the Eastern Han government and inscribed with the following text: 漢匈奴，歸義親，漢長 ("The Chief of the Han Xiongnu, who have returned to righteousness...

Shang Cheng Qiang) 木蘭的決定 (Mu Lan de Jüe Ding) 遲來的花開 (Chi Lai de Hua Kai) 匈奴進攻 (Xiong Nu Jin Gong) 村破垣殘 (Cun Po Yuan Can) 自己 (Zi Ji) — Coco Lee "Molto...

2020. (孝景三年，吴王濞反，欲从闽粤，闽粤未肯行，独东瓯从。) Han Shu, vol.95 (孝景帝立，而赵王遂乃阴使人于匈奴。吴楚反，欲与赵合谋入边。汉围破赵，匈奴亦止。) Shiji, vol.110 Zizhi Tongjian, vol.16 Zizhi Tongjian, vol.17...

northwest of modern-day China, until their King was beheaded by the Xiongnu (匈奴) who were also at war with China, which eventually forced them to migrate...

上述石雕像为胡人形象，对此学者们均无异议。胡人是我国古代中原汉人对北方和西方异族的通称。在汉人的认知领域，胡人的概念比较模糊，大致也有个变化的过程。先秦时的胡，专指匈奴，汉晋时期泛指匈奴、鲜卑、羯、氐、羌，"胡人"的范围已由北方逐渐扩大到西部族群。 "The above-mentioned stone statues are...

of Linguistics, Academia Sinica (53). p. 257, 264. quote: "‘Xiōngnú’ (1-6 匈奴 hɨoŋ-nɑ < *hoŋ-nâ) may well be a regular Hàn period (or even pre-Hàn) rendering...

vol.90 (因南抄緣邊，北拒丁零，東卻夫餘，西擊烏孫，盡據匈奴故地，東西萬四千餘里，南北七千餘里，網羅山川水澤鹽池。) Hou Hanshui, vol.90 (永壽二年秋，檀石槐遂將三四千騎寇雲中。延熹元年，鮮卑寇北邊。冬，使匈奴中郎將張奐率南單于出塞擊之，斬首二百級。二年，復入鴈門，殺數百...

2020-06-11 at the Wayback Machine "高車，蓋古赤狄之餘種也，[...] 諸夏以為高車丁零。其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也" tr. "Gaoche, probably the remnant stock of the ancient Red Di....

Book of Tang Vol. 199 lower "鐵勒，本匈奴別種" tr. "Tiele, originally a splinter race from Xiongnu" Suishu, Vol. 84 "鐵勒之先，匈奴之苗裔也" tr. "Tiele's predecessors are...

Mather 2002, p. 477. Shishuo Xinyu 430, ch. 14 §1: "魏武將見匈奴使，自以形陋，不足雄遠國，使崔季珪代，帝自捉刀立牀頭。既畢，令間諜問曰：「魏王何如？」匈奴使答曰：「魏王雅望非常，然牀頭捉刀人，此乃英雄也。」魏武聞之，追殺此使。" Mather 2002, p...

"應劭風俗通曰殷時曰獯粥改曰匈奴" Jin Zhuo, quoted in Pei Yin, Shiji jijie, Vol. 110 quote: "晉灼曰堯時曰葷粥周曰獫狁秦曰匈奴" Wei Zhao, quoted in Sima Zhen. Suoyin, chapter 24, quote: "韋昭漢曰匈奴葷粥其别名則淳維是其始祖蓋與獯粥是一也"...