Neurotoxins are toxins that are destructive to nerve tissue (causing neurotoxicity). Neurotoxins are an extensive class of exogenous chemical neurological...

A monoamine neurotoxin, or monoaminergic neurotoxin, is a drug that selectively damages or destroys monoaminergic neurons. Monoaminergic neurons are neurons...

Tetanus toxin (TeNT) is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus....

Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum...

Neurotoxin B-IV is a venom peptide secreted by a large marine worm called Cerebratulus lacteus that inhabits the northeastern coast of North America. This...

5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) is a monoaminergic neurotoxin and tryptamine derivative related to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine...

cosmetic procedure that modifies the shape of the lips using botulinum neurotoxin type A and occasionally adding hyaluronic acid fillers. The procedure...

α-Neurotoxins are a group of neurotoxic peptides found in the venom of snakes in the families Elapidae and Hydrophiidae. They can cause paralysis, respiratory...

dangerous if provoked when handled because their venom contains a powerful neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin. The species tends to have a lifespan of approximately...

motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a neurotoxin. C. botulinum is a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria. Initially, they...

neurotransmitters in neurons. These neuronal SNAREs are the targets of the neurotoxins responsible for botulism and tetanus produced by certain bacteria. SNAREs...

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASE2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is found in eosinophil granulocytes...

HPP+, also known as haloperidol pyridinium, is a monoaminergic neurotoxin and a metabolite of haloperidol. HPP+ is formed from haloperidol, and its dehydration...

disease animal models are divided into two categories: neurotoxin models and genetic models. Neurotoxin models include chemically induced toxicity in the brain;...

respiratory failure. The major α-neurotoxin in Naja kaouthia venom is a long neurotoxin, α-cobratoxin; the minor α-neurotoxin is different from cobrotoxin...

cationic protein (ECP) eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) Major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil cationic...

monoaminergic neurotoxin and benzylamine derivative that is closely related to DSP-4. It is a relatively selective noradrenergic neurotoxin, which is attributed...

is a non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria. BMAA is a neurotoxin. Its potential role in various neurodegenerative disorders is the subject...

differentiation. 9-Me-BC also inhibited the oxidation of the neurotoxin precursor MPTP to the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPP+ in vitro. Rodent studies in vivo demonstrated...

Sea anemone neurotoxin is the name given to neurotoxins produced by sea anemones with related structure and function. Sea anemone neurotoxins can be divided...

was published in 1992 by Dumbacher et al., which found traces of the neurotoxin homobatrachotoxin, a steroid alkaloid with the ability to polarize Na+...

inland taipan's venom consists of: Neurotoxins: Presynaptic neurotoxins; paradoxin (PDX), and postsynaptic neurotoxins; Oxylepitoxin-1, alpha-oxytocin 1...

v t e Toxins cardiotoxin cytotoxin enterotoxin hemotoxin hepatotoxin neurotoxin phototoxin Bacterial toxins Mycotoxins Aflatoxin Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin...

incidence of obesity. The neurotoxin regulation hypothesis proposes that drug use is not novel because human brains and plant neurotoxins coevolved. Genetic...

mammalian groups with natural protection against another snake venom, α-neurotoxin. Developing independently, pigs, honey badgers, mongooses, and hedgehogs...

act as both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins. Presynaptic neurotoxins, commonly known as β-neurotoxins, affect the presynaptic regions of the neuromuscular...

atypical Parkinsonism. Annonacin is a disabling and potentially lethal neurotoxin. Like other acetogenins, it is a mitochondrial complex I (NADH-dehydrogenase)...

through the inhalation and dermal routes, but to insects it acts as a neurotoxin causing paralysis. It is effective against cockroaches, waterbugs, ants...

metalloproteinase and lacking significant neurotoxin have been termed “type I” venoms, while venoms containing high levels of neurotoxin but lacking hemorrhagic and...

Receptor/signaling modulators • Monoamine reuptake inhibitors • Adrenergics • Dopaminergics • Serotonergics • Monoamine metabolism modulators • Monoamine neurotoxins...