In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and...

Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) is the study of the interaction between light confined in a reflective cavity and atoms or other particles...

Circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) provides a means of studying the fundamental interaction between light and matter (quantum optics). As in...

that pop into and out of the quantum field. The QED vacuum of quantum electrodynamics (or QED) was the first vacuum of quantum field theory to be developed...

American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant...

between light and electrons, culminating in the first quantum field theory—quantum electrodynamics. A major theoretical obstacle soon followed with the...

the electromagnetic zero-point field (ZPF) of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Stochastic electrodynamics combines two conventional classical ideas – electromagnetism...

for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled...

the 1940s and 1950s, leading to the introduction of renormalized quantum electrodynamics (QED). The field theory behind QED was so accurate and successful...

Introductory Quantum Electrodynamics. London: Longmans. LCCN 65020006. OCLC 490279969. Reed, D. (1995). "Foundational Electrodynamics and Beltrami Vector...

that became quantum electrodynamics. Over the following decades this work evolved into quantum field theory, the basis for modern quantum optics and particle...

areas of quantum field theory that require deeper derivation from theoretical bases. Renormalization was first developed in quantum electrodynamics (QED)...

symmetries appeared first in the relativistic quantum mechanics of electrons – quantum electrodynamics, elaborated on below. Today, gauge theories are...

complete quantum field theory, quantum electrodynamics, provides a fully quantum description of the electromagnetic interaction. Quantum electrodynamics is...

that classical electrodynamics is already consistent with special relativity, and extended classical electrodynamics to work with quantum mechanics. Albert...

described by quantum electrodynamics which is a quantum field theory. Fundamental physical aspects of classical electrodynamics are presented in many...

the theory, just as photons are for the electromagnetic force in quantum electrodynamics. The theory is an important part of the Standard Model of particle...

broader physics of quantum mechanics. Quantization of energy and its influence on how energy and matter interact (quantum electrodynamics) is part of the...

rest of his life, and was solved in quantum electrodynamics and its successor, the Standard Model. (See § Quantum field theory and § As a gauge boson...

Matter is an adaptation for the general reader of four lectures on quantum electrodynamics (QED) published in 1985 by American physicist and Nobel laureate...

computed in perturbation theory: The one-loop beta function in quantum electrodynamics (QED) is β ( e ) = e 3 12 π 2   , {\displaystyle \beta (e)={\frac...

relativistic quantum theory work lead him to explore quantum theories of radiation, culminating in quantum electrodynamics, the first quantum field theory...

English, was a Japanese physicist, influential in the development of quantum electrodynamics, work for which he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics...

matched the conservation of electric charge.: 198  As the theory of quantum electrodynamics developed in the 1930's and 1940's the U ( 1 ) {\displaystyle U(1)}...

of its definitions, the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED) provides a way to measure α directly using the quantum Hall effect or the anomalous magnetic...

electromagnetic interactions. Quantum electrodynamics is the theory of how EMR interacts with matter on an atomic level. Quantum effects provide additional...

Problems in Classical Electrodynamics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514665-4. Jackson, John D. (1999). Classical Electrodynamics. John Wiley & Sons...

In quantum electrodynamics (QED), the Schwinger limit is a scale above which the electromagnetic field is expected to become nonlinear. The limit was...

to be one of the founders of quantum mechanics. Dirac laid the foundations for both quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory. He was the Lucasian...

but are instead a classical limit of the more precise theory of quantum electrodynamics. Gauss's law describes the relationship between an electric field...