Volcanic ash consists of fragments of rock, mineral crystals, and volcanic glass, produced during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 mm (0.079 inches)...
81 KB (9,833 words) - 23:37, 14 October 2024
Tuff (redirect from Volcanic tuff)
a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. Following ejection and deposition, the ash is lithified into a solid...
42 KB (4,848 words) - 16:53, 17 September 2024
Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists. These...
76 KB (7,663 words) - 02:02, 14 September 2024
colliding, fragmenting particles of volcanic ash (and sometimes ice), which generate static electricity within the volcanic plume, leading to the name dirty...
20 KB (2,051 words) - 17:08, 31 August 2024
Plumes of volcanic ash near active volcanoes are a flight safety hazard, especially for night flights. Volcanic ash is hard and abrasive, and can quickly...
14 KB (1,647 words) - 12:54, 19 August 2024
A Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) is a group of experts responsible for coordinating and disseminating information on atmospheric volcanic ash clouds...
8 KB (617 words) - 19:17, 18 December 2023
2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi (category 21st-century volcanic events)
mid-September onwards, culminating in repeated outbursts of lava and volcanic ash. Large eruption columns formed, causing numerous pyroclastic flows down...
109 KB (12,199 words) - 09:19, 15 October 2024
Eruption column (redirect from Volcanic ash plume)
is a cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption. The volcanic materials form a vertical column...
13 KB (1,625 words) - 07:24, 21 August 2024
and may also form glassy lava flows. Ash-flow tuffs typically consist of countless microscopic shards of volcanic glass. Basalt, which is low in silica...
6 KB (716 words) - 17:52, 17 July 2023
2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (redirect from Ash Thursday)
inactivity, when snow on the glacier did not melt. From 14 to 20 April, ash from the volcanic eruption covered large areas of Northern Europe. About 20 countries...
54 KB (5,636 words) - 19:43, 26 September 2024
is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental...
18 KB (2,029 words) - 01:39, 13 August 2024
The volcanic winter of 536 was the most severe and protracted episode of climatic cooling in the Northern Hemisphere in the last 2,000 years. The volcanic...
35 KB (3,838 words) - 01:48, 11 October 2024
Air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption (redirect from April 2010 Volcanic ash cloud)
In response to concerns that volcanic ash ejected during the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland would damage aircraft engines, the controlled...
108 KB (7,407 words) - 19:56, 26 September 2024
Caldera (redirect from Volcanic caldera)
the magma to produce a mixture of volcanic ash and other tephra with the very hot gases. The mixture of ash and volcanic gases initially rises into the atmosphere...
43 KB (4,402 words) - 11:51, 11 October 2024
Pozzolana (redirect from Pozzolanic ash)
volcanic ash used by the Romans in Italy, at Pozzuoli. The modern definition of pozzolana encompasses any volcanic material (pumice or volcanic ash)...
9 KB (1,103 words) - 16:15, 15 August 2024
Jet engine (redirect from Jet engines and volcanic ash)
A jet engine is a type of reaction engine, discharging a fast-moving jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this...
61 KB (7,836 words) - 14:35, 9 October 2024
Explosive eruption (redirect from Volcanic explosion)
within a viscous magma such that expelled lava violently froths into volcanic ash when pressure is suddenly lowered at the vent. Sometimes a lava plug...
8 KB (996 words) - 15:32, 5 June 2024
This is a list of volcanic eruptions in the 21st century with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 4 or higher, and smaller eruptions that resulted in...
48 KB (1,924 words) - 14:21, 14 September 2024
this phenomenon. Nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers were established by the International Civil Aviation Organization to monitor ash clouds and advise pilots...
24 KB (2,856 words) - 20:35, 6 April 2024
are small, steep-sided volcanic cones built of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as either volcanic clinkers, cinders, volcanic ash, or scoria. They consist...
15 KB (1,930 words) - 21:21, 7 September 2024
Volcanism (redirect from Volcanic activity)
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface...
43 KB (4,800 words) - 14:17, 9 October 2024
or cigar ash Incinerator bottom ash, a form of ash produced in incinerators Products of coal combustion Bottom ash Fly ash Volcanic ash, ash that consists...
15 KB (1,610 words) - 02:09, 13 September 2024
Mount Bromo (redirect from Tengger Volcanic Complex)
thin ash fall mainly in the village areas of Ngadirejo and Sukapura Wonokerto in Probolinggo Regency. The impact of a heavy rain of volcanic ash from...
19 KB (1,982 words) - 07:09, 9 October 2024
Yu (1994). "Volcanic Ash in Kamchatka as a Source of Potential Hazard to Air Traffic" (PDF). In Casadevall, Thomas J. (ed.). Volcanic Ash and Aviation...
70 KB (2,237 words) - 07:01, 11 October 2024
Stratovolcano (category Volcanic landforms)
avalanche-like, ground-sweeping, incandescent mixtures of hot volcanic debris, fine ash, fragmented lava, and superheated gases that can travel at speeds...
19 KB (2,353 words) - 20:38, 23 September 2024
forming a cinder cone. Cinder is the most common product; the amount of volcanic ash is typically rather minor. The lava flows are more viscous, and therefore...
9 KB (917 words) - 10:21, 19 January 2024
Kostyonki–Borshchyovo (section Volcanic ash)
population was technologically capable of preparing for a volcanic winter. Just above the ash layer sewing needles were found . Kostenki 1/1, Kostenki...
17 KB (1,693 words) - 16:35, 16 April 2024
petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried in water or volcanic ash. The presence of water reduces the availability of oxygen which inhibits...
30 KB (3,167 words) - 09:13, 11 October 2024
days or months. The longer eruptions begin with production of clouds of volcanic ash, sometimes with pyroclastic surges. The amount of magma ejected can be...
15 KB (1,671 words) - 06:13, 31 August 2024